High-Throughput Drug Screening in Chondrosarcoma Cells Identifies Effective Antineoplastic Agents Independent of IDH Mutation.

The term chondrosarcoma refers to a rare and heterogeneous group of malignant cartilaginous tumors that are typically resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Metastatic chondrosarcoma has a poor prognosis, and effective systemic therapies are lacking. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations represent a potential therapeutic target, but IDH inhibitors alone have shown limited clinical efficacy to date.

Albumin-To-Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio as a New Early Predictive Marker of Axillary Response in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Pilot Study.

The Albumin-to-Alkaline Phosphatase ratio (AAPR) is an easily applicable and cost-effective marker investigated as an outcome predictor in solid cancers. Preliminary evidence in breast cancer suggests that a low AAPR correlates with a poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in primary tumors. However, data regarding the axillary response are lacking.

Mechanistic Insights and Molecular Diagnostics of TMPRSS2-ERG: Overview of the Journey from Regulation of Signaling Landscape in Fusion Positive Prostate Cancer to Appraisal as a Diagnostic Marker.

Chromosomal rearrangements and recurrent gene fusions were previously presumed to be the primary oncogenic mechanisms of hematological malignancies. However, the discovery of gene fusions in different cancers has opened new horizons to comprehensively investigate how cell type-specific fusion oncoproteins modulate signaling cascades. Prostate cancer (PCa) is a multifaceted and therapeutically challenging disease, and functional genomics have helped us develop a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying prostate carcinogenesis, castration-resistant PCa, and metastasis.

Anti-metastatic Effects of Bee Venom and Melittin in Breast Cancer Cells by Upregulation of BRMS1 and DRG1 Genes.

Apitherapy has started to gain tremendous recognition because of extraordinary pharmacological importance of honeybee-related ingredients and their derivatives. There has been a renewed interest in the bee venom-based therapies. Interdisciplinary researchers are studying the chemistry and translational value of venom for effective cancer treatment.

Interplay between JAK/STAT pathway and non-coding RNAs in different cancers.

Progress in the identification of core multi-protein modules within JAK/STAT pathway has enabled researchers to develop a better understanding of the linchpin role of deregulated signaling cascade in carcinogenesis and metastasis. More excitingly, complex interplay between JAK/STAT pathway and non-coding RNAs has been shown to reprogramme the outcome of signaling cascade and modulate immunological responses within tumor microenvironment. Wealth of information has comprehensively illustrated that most of this complexity regulates the re-shaping of the immunological responses.

Role of melatonin in carcinogenesis and metastasis: From mechanistic insights to intermeshed networks of noncoding RNAs.

In recent years, seminal studies have been devoted to unraveling the puzzling mysteries associated with the cancer preventive/inhibitory role of melatonin. Our current knowledge of the translational mechanisms and the detailed structural insights have highlighted the characteristically exclusive role of melatonin in the inhibition of carcinogenesis and metastatic dissemination. This mini-review outlines recent discoveries related to mechanistic role of melatonin in prevention of carcinogenesis and metastasis.

Role of TRP channels in carcinogenesis and metastasis: Pathophysiology and regulation by non-coding RNAs.

In 2021, David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian received Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their ground-breaking discoveries in the functional characterization of receptors for temperature and touch. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have captivated tremendous appreciation as promising drug targets over the past few years because of central involvement in different cancers. Based on the insights gleaned from decades of high-quality research, basic and clinical scientists have unveiled how Transient receptor potential channels regulated cancer onset and progression.

Regulation of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in cancer drug resistance by galectin-1: cellular and molecular implications.

Oxidative stress is characterized by the deregulation of the redox state in the cells, which plays a role in the initiation of various types of cancers. The activity of galectin-1 (Gal-1) depends on the cell redox state and the redox state of the microenvironment. Gal-1 expression has been related to many different tumor types, as it plays important roles in several processes involved in cancer progression, such as apoptosis, cell migration, adhesion, and immune response.

Activation of Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING): Promising Strategy to Overcome Immune Resistance in Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent and second-lethal cancer among men. Despite considerable efforts to explore treatments like autologous cellular immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, their success remains limited. The intricate tumor microenvironment (TME) and its interaction with the immune system pose significant challenges in PCa treatment.

Role of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-mediated signaling in carcinogenesis and metastasis.

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) mediated signaling has emerged as one of the most extensively studied cascades in cancer development and progression. Overwhelmingly increasing data obtained from preclinical and clinical studies has helped us to develop a near-complete resolution of PDGF/PDGFR signaling landscape. Phenotype- and genotype-driven studies have provided proof-of-concept that therapeutic targeting of PDGF/PDGFR signaling axis is necessary to improve clinical outcome.

Inhibition of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma growth by melatonin: Studies with micro-CT.

Melatonin is a versatile indolamine synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland in response to the photoperiodic information received by the retinohypothalamic signaling pathway. Melatonin has many benefits, such as organizing circadian rhythms and acting as a powerful hormone. We aimed to show the antitumor effects of melatonin in both and models through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and the Argyrophilic Nucleolar Regulatory Region (AgNOR), using the Microcomputed Tomography (Micro CT).

Special Issue on Cancer Smart Nanomedicine.

In this Special Issue entitled "", we have gathered high-quality contributions related to the fascinating field of nanomedicine [...

Opportunities and challenges of fucoidan for tumors therapy.

The large-scale collections, screening and discovery of biologically active and pharmacologically significant marine-derived natural products have garnered tremendous attraction. Edible brown algae are rich in fucoidan. Importantly, fucoidan has been reported to inhibit carcinogenesis and metastasis mainly through the regulation of deregulated cell signaling pathways.

Role of Ubiquitination and Epigenetics in the Regulation of AhR Signaling in Carcinogenesis and Metastasis: "Albatross around the Neck" or "Blessing in Disguise".

The molecular mechanisms and signal transduction cascades evoked by the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) are becoming increasingly understandable. AhR is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor that integrates environmental, dietary and metabolic cues for the pleiotropic regulation of a wide variety of mechanisms. AhR mediates transcriptional programming in a ligand-specific, context-specific and cell-type-specific manner.

The neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 inhibits proliferation and triggers apoptosis of oral cancer cells but not for normal cells.

Increased neddylation benefits the survival of several types of cancer cells. The inhibition of neddylation has the potential to exert anticancer effects but is rarely assessed in oral cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate the antiproliferation potential of a neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 (pevonedistat) for oral cancer cells.

Connection between Radiation-Regulating Functions of Natural Products and miRNAs Targeting Radiomodulation and Exosome Biogenesis.

Exosomes are cell-derived membranous structures primarily involved in the delivery of the payload to the recipient cells, and they play central roles in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Radiotherapy is a common cancer treatment that occasionally generates exosomal miRNA-associated modulation to regulate the therapeutic anticancer function and side effects. Combining radiotherapy and natural products may modulate the radioprotective and radiosensitizing responses of non-cancer and cancer cells, but there is a knowledge gap regarding the connection of this combined treatment with exosomal miRNAs and their downstream targets for radiation and exosome biogenesis.

Unraveling the Complex Web of Mechanistic Regulation of Versatile NEDD4 Family by Non-Coding RNAs in Carcinogenesis and Metastasis: From Cell Culture Studies to Animal Models.

Discoveries related to an intriguing feature of ubiquitination have prompted a detailed analysis of the ubiquitination patterns in malignant cells. How the "ubiquitinome" is reshaped during multistage carcinogenesis has garnered significant attention. Seminal studies related to the structural and functional characterization of NEDD4 (Neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated-4) have consolidated our understanding at a new level of maturity.

TRAIL-mediated signaling in bladder cancer: realization of clinical efficacy of TRAIL-based therapeutics in medical oncology.

Bladder cancer is a therapeutically challenging disease and wealth of knowledge has enabled researchers to develop a clear understanding of mechanisms which underlie carcinogenesis and metastasis. Excitingly, research over decades has unveiled wide-ranging mechanisms which serve as central engine in progression of bladder cancer. Loss of apoptosis, drug resistance, and pro-survival signaling are some of the highly studied cellular mechanisms.

Connection of Cancer Exosomal LncRNAs, Sponging miRNAs, and Exosomal Processing and Their Potential Modulation by Natural Products.

Cancerous exosomes contain diverse biomolecules that regulate cancer progression. Modulating exosome biogenesis with clinical drugs has become an effective strategy for cancer therapy. Suppressing exosomal processing (assembly and secretion) may block exosomal function to reduce the proliferation of cancer cells.

The effects of MYC on exosomes derived from cancer cells in the context of breast cancer.

MYC amplification and overexpression in breast cancer occur 16% and 22%, respectively, and MYC has a linchpin role in breast carcinogenesis. Emerging evidence has started to shed light on central role of MYC in breast cancer progression. On the contrary, tumor-derived exosomes and their cargo molecules are required for the modulation of the tumor environment and to promote carcinogenesis.

Determination of Rutin's antitumoral effect on EAC solid tumor by AgNOR count and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Rutin is one of the flavonoids found in fruits and vegetables. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is critical for the life cycle at the cellular level. In current study, we purposed to demonstrate the antitumoral effect of rutin at different doses through the mTOR-signaling pathway and argyrophilic nucleolar regulatory region.