To compare horizontal strabismus deviation as assessed from photographs with that in the strabismus clinic using the prism bar.

Purpose: To compare the deviation in cases of horizontal strabismus as assessed from photographs with the measurements as obtained in the strabismus clinic.

Methods: After obtaining informed consent, we recruited subjects with manifest horizontal strabismus. We took a frontal flash photograph from a distance of 50 cm using smart-phone-based cameras with the flash light vertically aligned with the lens.

Comparison of cycloplegia with atropine 1% versus cyclopentolate 1.

Purpose: Cycloplegic refraction is mandatory for children to know the eye's refractive status. In this study, we compared cycloplegia induced by cyclopentolate 1% to that induced by atropine 1% by means of retinoscopy.

Methods: In this parallel-designed interventional study, we included 67 children aged between 4 and 17 years.

Ocular morbidity and co-morbidities in children attending a nodal district early intervention center in Uttar Pradesh.

Purpose: To obtain epidemiological data on children with ocular morbidity attending a nodal district early intervention center (DEIC).

Methods: : After parental consent, we recruited children with ocular morbidity. After detailed history and clinical evaluation, along with pediatric consultation and relevant neuro-radiological and ancillary investigation, information was entered in a pretested proforma: especially looking for perinatal morbidity, including developmental delay (DD).

Self-regurgitation on pressure over lacrimal sac in cases of primary-acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction: Correlation with physician examination and patients' perceptions.

Purpose: To analyze the correlation between patient-reported regurgitation on pressure over lacrimal sac (ROPLAS) with the physician's examination in diagnosing primary-acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was done over 5 months (March-July 2018). All cases diagnosed as PANDO were included in the study.

Canon CP-TX1 camera - As a screening tool for amblyogenic risk factors.

Purpose: To evaluate the Canon CP-TX1 camera as a screening tool for ARFs in a pediatric population and estimate the prevalence of ARFs.

Methods: In a pediatric outpatient space, largely in the immunization clinic, after obtaining parental consent, we encouraged children to be photographed from a distance of 5 feet in a dim room by using a CP-TX1 camera with the red-eye reduction feature off. Based on the captured red reflex, children were labeled as normal (symmetrical red reflexes in the two eyes, with no visible crescents); all others were considered as abnormal or positive for ARFs.

Economizing strabismus surgery: Using half the double-armed suture for horizontal muscles.

In a developing country like India, both availability and affordability of medical care are obstacles, leading to delay in seeking timely treatment. To reduce the cost incurred to the patients for strabismus surgery, we used half of a 6-0 polyglactin suture for performing common muscle weakening and strengthening procedures: a fixed and hang back recessions with plication and resection. We cut the 45-cm-long double-armed 6-0 polyglactin sutures in two halves, and with a modified approach, used one-half in each of two patients planned for monocular two horizontal muscles surgeries: fixed recession-plication and hang back recession-resection.

Single-snip paralimbal incision: A quick approach to rectus muscles.

Introduction: Less invasive and quicker surgeries have become common. We compared two conjunctival incisional approaches in strabismus, namely Follow standard paralimbal approach for (SPLA) and single-snip paralimbal (SSPLA).

Materials And Methods: Forty-four patients with horizontal strabismus qualifying for uniocular recession-resection surgeries were randomized to SPLA and SSPLA.

Saving space: Comparing mini - logMAR with standard logMAR visual acuity.

Purpose: Assessing visual acuity (VA) is the cornerstone of an ophthalmic workup and needs VA charts in a four or six meters space. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of distant VA (DVA) on one meter mini-logMAR (MLM) with a standard six meter logMAR (SLM) chart.

Methods: We developed a MLM chart to be used at 1 m with +1.

Plication as an alternative to resection in horizontal strabismus: A randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: Resections and plications tighten recti although the latter are less traumatic, potentially reversible, quicker, and vascularity preserving. To compare inflammation, scarring, and alignment in horizontal strabismus, operated uniocularly by either resections or plications (with recessions): recession and resection (R&R) or recession and plication (R&P) groups. This was a prospective, patient and assessor blind, randomized trial.

Prognostic preoperative factors for successful outcome of surgery in horizontal strabismus.

Context: Surgery for horizontal strabismus reportedly has a success rate of 60%-80%. However, which preoperative factors are predictive of this success is not clear.

Aims: To identify prognostic factors those are predictive of successful outcome in horizontal strabismus surgery.

Tear film and ocular surface dysfunction in diabetes mellitus in an Indian population.

Purpose: Ophthalmic complications in diabetes such as retinopathy, cataract, and infections have been extensively studied. Recently, attention has been drawn toward ocular surface changes in diabetes mellitus (DM). This study has been carried out to investigate the tear film and ocular surface abnormalities in type II DM patients.

Direct, spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula with a contracted kidney: A rare association.

We report a case of a 20-year-old female having systemic hypertension who presented with right-sided proptosis, chemosis, and diminished vision, preceded by an acute episode of unilateral throbbing headache. Imaging studies revealed a right-sided direct, spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF), aneurysm of internal carotid artery, bleed in the parieto-frontal lobe, and swelling of extraocular muscles. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a small contracted right kidney measuring 64 mm × 27 mm.

Cost-effectiveness analysis should continually assess competing health care options especially in high volume environments like cataract surgery.

Context: Cost-effectiveness analysis should continually assess competing health care options especially in high volume environments like cataract surgery.

Aims: To compare the cost effectiveness of phacoemulsification (PE) versus manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS).

Settings And Design: Prospective randomized controlled trial.

One glasses too many: A case report of Benson's syndrome.

We report a case of Benson's Syndrome, a form of occipital Alzheimer's disease, with posterior cortical atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging, in a 62-year-old male, who presented with visual problems, ascribed to the eyes, and had even undergone cataract/intraocular lens surgery in the right eye; and change of glasses 21 times over the past 2 years, with no apparent benefit. This case is of interest both on account of its rarity, and to highlight its features since the diagnosis may be missed in an ophthalmological setting where such patient may go for first consult.

Gain beyond cosmesis: demonstration of psychosocial and functional gains following successful strabismus surgery using the adult strabismus questionnaire adult strabismus 20.

Background: Strabismus adversely affects psychosocial and functional aspects; while its correction impacts positively.

Aim: The aim was to evaluate the gains in scores: Overall scores (OASs), psychosocial subscale scores (PSSs) and functional subscale scores (FSSs) following successful surgical alignment.

Settings And Design: We evaluated changed scores in the adult strabismus 20 (AS-20) questionnaire, administered before and after successful surgery.

Beyond photography: evaluation of the consumer digital camera to identify strabismus and anisometropia by analyzing the Bruckner's reflex.

Amblyopia screening is often either costly or laborious. We evaluated the Canon Powershot TX1 (CPTX1) digital camera as an efficient screener for amblyogenic risk factors (ARF). We included 138 subjects: 84-amblyopes and 54-normal.

Minimally invasive strabismus surgery versus paralimbal approach: a randomized, parallel design study is minimally invasive strabismus surgery worth the effort?

Introduction: Minimal access surgery is common in all fields of medicine. We compared a new minimally invasive strabismus surgery (MISS) approach with a standard paralimbal strabismus surgery (SPSS) approach in terms of post-operative course.

Materials And Methods: This parallel design study was done on 28 eyes of 14 patients, in which one eye was randomized to MISS and the other to SPSS.

Multi-use of single use unims: Does economic burden outweigh contamination risk?

Aim: To assess if residual drops of unims can be used after single use to cut down economic load. Setting: Laboratory setting. Materials and Methods: This study was done to determine the possibility of multi-use of such unims.