Newer Biomarkers in Gallbladder Carcinoma: A Scoping Review.

Biomarkers have the potential to play a crucial role in managing gallbladder cancer post-surgery. They can identify patients more likely to experience a recurrence, allowing oncologists to tailor a more intensive surveillance plan and consider additional therapies. Some biomarkers can even predict how well a patient will respond to specific chemotherapy or targeted treatments.

Treating a Refractory Locally Advanced Carcinoma of the Cervix With Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Based Adaptive External Beam Radiotherapy: A Case Report.

Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) refers to methods that allow a radiation therapy plan to be adjusted based on images obtained during the treatment. Using cutting-edge imaging methods such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET), ART can adjust the treatment plan in response to observed changes in anatomy and even biology while the patient is receiving treatment. The backbone of ART is intensity-modulated RT (IMRT), which permits better sparing of normal critical organs while still delivering a uniform dose to target tumor volume.

Henri Coutard (1876-1950): A Pioneer of Fractionated Radiotherapy Regimens.

Henri Coutard was a prominent French roentgen therapist (radiation therapist). He was a pioneer physician and scientist who established the development of the "protracted-fractional method" of radiation dosing. He treated laryngeal cancer with super-voltage x-rays and also published data on five-year survival rates while his contemporary physicians indulged in treating cancer with radioactive sources.

Per-Ingvar Brånemark (1929-2014): A Homage to the Father of Osseointegration and Modern Dentistry.

Dr. Professor Per-Ingvar Brånemark (Branemark), a Swedish professor of anatomy, is widely acknowledged as a pioneer in modern implant dentistry. His accidental discovery of the strong bond between titanium and bone, which he named "osseointegration," signifies a revolutionary progression in dentistry.

Treatment Complications of Head and Neck Cancers and Rehabilitation Measures: A Narrative Review.

Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are malignant tumors mainly from squamous cells in the head and neck tissues. Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, the long-term prognosis for patients with advanced-stage tumors is guarded, with a median survival time of approximately 24 months.

Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in a recurrent endometrial carcinoma in lung, 15 years after primary treatment.

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the sixth most common cancer in females. Most ECs are detected in stage 1 and have a 5-year survival rate of more than 90%. Recurrence rates are highest within 5 years after treatment and are exceptionally rare after 10 years.

Evaluation of Different Regimens of Palliative Radiation Therapy for Symptomatic Bone Metastases: An Audit From a Tertiary Care Hospital in Jharkhand, India.

Background This study aimed to assess the efficacy of different radiation therapy regimens in treating patients with symptomatic bone metastases. Methodology A retrospective study was conducted by assigning patients with symptomatic bone metastases from different primary cancers into three groups, namely, Arms A, B, and C. The radiation dose delivered in each arm was as follows: 8 Gray (Gy) in a single fraction for Arm A, 20 Gy in five fractions at the rate of 4 Gy per fraction for Arm B, and 30 Gy in 10 fractions at the rate of 3 Gy per fraction for Arm C.

Squamous cell carcinoma of breast metastasising to upper lip.

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous set of carcinomas comprising a subgroup of invasive ductal carcinomas and numerous infrequent subtypes. Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) breast is sporadic, accounting for less than 0.1% of all invasive subtypes.

A Rare Case of Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer Detected on 68Ga - DOTANOC Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT).

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies affecting elderly men worldwide and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men. Prostate cancer includes many histological variants with the prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma variant accounting for the majority of the diagnosed cases. Other less common histological variants are broadly classified as non-acinar carcinomas.

A Narrative Review of Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: What a Clinician Should Know.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is an uncommon complication of antiresorptive therapy (ART) in patients receiving higher and more frequent doses of osteoclast inhibitors. The jaws are the most common site, as they have high bone turnover. The oral structures are exposed to various types of stresses, like mastication and dental diseases, which lead to microtrauma and increased bone remodeling.

Gallium68-Labeled Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor (68Ga-FAPI) PET/CT as an Alternative to Fluoro18-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT: Discussion in a Case of Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of Pancreas.

Positron emission tomography (PET) is an integral part of the imaging of solid tumors in today's oncology practice. The most commonly used PET radiotracer is 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG). FDG PET has imaging characteristics of a high tumor-to-background uptake ratio and is used in the detection of primary as well as metastatic sites.

Gallbladder carcinoma presenting with disseminated bony metastasis.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the 23rd most common cancer worldwide and one of the three leading cancers in North and Northeast India. GBC has inferior outcomes due to its advanced presentation and poor response to chemotherapy. The approximate 5-year survival rate for metastatic GBC is less than 5%, with a median survival of around 6 months.

Extragonadal Nongestational Choriocarcinoma With a Widespread Metastasis in a Young Female: A Case Report and Literature Analysis With a Focus on Unmet Needs.

Choriocarcinoma is a highly aggressive malignant tumor that occurs due to the formation of an abnormal trophoblast. Choriocarcinoma is classified into gestational (GC) and nongestational (NGC) subtypes. The majority of nongestational diseases are limited to ovaries.

Association Between Synchronous Occurrence of Multiple Myeloma and Carcinoma Prostate: Literature Analysis in the Context of a Case Report.

Carcinoma of the prostate is the second most common cancer in males, while multiple myeloma is the 17th most common cancer. The synchronous diagnosis of multiple myeloma and carcinoma of the prostate is a sporadic phenomenon with scarce published literature and a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Here, we present a case of synchronous diagnosis of IgG and lambda subtypes of multiple myeloma with multiple lytic lesions, the revised international staging system (R-ISS 2), and non-metastatic acinar adenocarcinoma prostate, a very high-risk category.

Embolization of a Fractured Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter to Pulmonary Arteries: A Sporadic Life-Threatening Phenomenon.

The peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is a non-tunneled central venous catheter placed in the upper limb venous system, mainly in the basilic vein, and the tip terminates in the superior vena cava (SVC). A PICC is a preferred modality of central venous access in oncology, as it is associated with minimal discomfort and can be kept in situ for up to one year. Despite multiple advantages, it is also associated with complications.

Clinicopathological Profile of Breast Cancer at a Tertiary Cancer Center in Jharkhand, India: A Descriptive Cohort Study.

Introduction Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females worldwide including Indian urban areas. There is no concrete data on breast cancer epidemiology from the state of Jharkhand, India. Materials and methods The present study is a retrospectively conducted descriptive cohort study.

A Rare Case of Chondrosarcoma With Metastasis to the Oral Cavity.

Chondrosarcomas with metastases to oral cavities are extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, only six cases of chondrosarcoma with metastases to the oral cavity, maxilla, and/or mandible have been reported in the English-language literature. The last such case was reported three decades earlier; none of the reported cases were from India.

A Rare Case of Metastases to Paranasal Sinus From Colonic Adenocarcinoma.

Metastases of malignant tumors to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are very rare. Metastases to these locations are usually solitary and produce similar symptoms to those of a primary sinonasal tumor. Pain, nasal obstruction, and epistaxis are the most common symptoms.