Special Traumatized Populations: Burns Injuries.

Background: It is important for physicians treating children to be aware of unique presentations that require expertise and knowledge. One area of importance when caring for traumatized children is Thermal Burn Injuries. Burns commonly result in morbidity in children; as such, the appropriate identification of the severity of the burn and appropriate management are integral to minimize the complications of burns during the acute phase.

Special Traumatized Populations: Accidental Hypothermia in Children.

Physicians caring for children in trauma settings must consider and treat hypothermia as a cause for morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of treatment of accidental hypothermia with and without an asphyxial event is paramount. Clinicians need to identify hypothermia immediately and be aware of the overall management utilizing aggressive rewarming and cardiopulmonary resuscitation to help improve the survival of these critically ill children.

Fluid and Medication Considerations in the Traumatized Patient.

This article reviews fluid therapy and medications in pediatric trauma. For resuscitation in the setting of hemorrhagic shock, isotonic crystalloid solution is the first-line agent of choice. Colloid solutions offer no additional benefit, introduce possible increased risks and cost more than crystalloids.

Point-of-care Ultrasound for Nonangulated Distal Forearm Fractures in Children: Test Performance Characteristics and Patient-centered Outcomes.

Objectives: Distal forearm fractures are the most common fracture type in children. Point-of-care-ultrasound (POCUS) is increasingly being used, and preliminary studies suggest that it offers an accurate approach to diagnosis. However, outcomes such as pain, satisfaction, and procedure duration have not been explored but may be salient to the widespread acceptance of this technology by caregivers and children.

Detection of respiratory viruses and bacteria in children using a twenty-two target reverse-transcription real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) panel.

Background: Rapid detection of the wide range of viruses and bacteria that cause respiratory infection in children is important for patient care and antibiotic stewardship. We therefore designed and evaluated a ready-to-use 22 target respiratory infection reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) panel to determine if this would improve detection of these agents at our pediatric hospital.

Methods: RT-qPCR assays for twenty-two target organisms were dried-down in individual wells of 96 well plates and saved at room temperature.

Efficacy of WHO recommendation for continued breastfeeding and maternal cART for prevention of perinatal and postnatal HIV transmission in Zambia.

Introduction: To prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in developing countries, new World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines recommend maternal combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) during pregnancy, throughout breastfeeding for 1 year and then cessation of breastfeeding (COB). The efficacy of this approach during the first six months of exclusive breastfeeding has been demonstrated, but the efficacy of this approach beyond six months is not well documented.

Methods: A prospective observational cohort study of 279 HIV-positive mothers was started on zidovudine/3TC and lopinavir/ritonavir tablets between 14 and 30 weeks gestation and continued indefinitely thereafter.