Green Surfactants (Biosurfactants): A Petroleum-Free Substitute for Sustainability-Comparison, Applications, Market, and Future Prospects.

Surfactants are a group of amphiphilic molecules (i.e., having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains) that are a vital part of nearly every contemporary industrial process such as in agriculture, medicine, personal care, food, and petroleum.

Fermentative production of rhamnolipid and purification by adsorption chromatography.

Glycolipids are one of the major classes of biosurfactants in which the rhamnolipids are best studied. The present work investigates the optimization of inoculum age and batch time for maximizing the yield of rhamnolipid from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 2453). The yield and titer of rhamnolipids were maximum in the fermentation batch with an inoculum age of 24 hr.

Ultrasound-assisted lipase catalyzed hydrolysis of aspirin methyl ester.

The ultrasound-assisted hydrolysis of aspirin methyl ester (AME) was investigated using immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) (1%) in the presence of solvents like triolein, chloroform (CHCl) and dichloromethane (DCM). The effect of ultrasound and the role of water on the conversion rates have also been investigated. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic (H NMR) was chosen to calculate hydrolysis convertion rates.

Ultrasound Assisted Synthesis of Hydroxylated Soybean Lecithin from Crude Soybean Lecithin as an Emulsifier.

Soybean lecithin is a by-product obtained during degumming step of crude soybean oil refining. Crude soybean lecithin (CSL) contains major amount of phospholipids (PLs) along with minor amount of acylglycerols, bioactive components, etc. Due to presence of PLs, CSL can be used as an emulsifier.

Comparative Studies between Conventional and Microwave Assisted Extraction for Rice Bran Oil.

The present work deals with comparison of microwave assisted extraction to that of conventional solvent extraction for the extraction of rice bran oil (RBO); focusing on extraction yield and oil composition. Microwave assisted extraction act as a green process over other method and proved that it is effective method for extraction of oil. The investigation also focuses on the study of functional group and component present in oil.

Rice Bran Oil: A Versatile Source for Edible and Industrial Applications.

Rice bran oil (RBO) is healthy gift generously given by nature to mankind. RBO is obtained from rice husk, a byproduct of rice milling industry and is gaining lot of importance as cooking oil due to presence of important micronutrient, gamma oryzanol. Its high smoke point is beneficial for its use for frying and deep frying of food stuff.

Diester-containing Zwitterionic Gemini Surfactants with Different Spacer and Its Impact on Micellization Properties and Viscosity of Aqueous Micellar Solution.

A series of diester containing zwitterionic gemini surfactants, N,N-dimethyl-N-alkyl-2-[[hydroxy (alkoxy) phosphinyl]oxy]-alkylammonium designated as C8(-)-S-Cn(+), S = 2 and 3, n = 12, 14 and 16, were synthesized and characterized by instrumental techniques namely FT-IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, (31)P NMR and Mass spectral studies. These new gemini surfactants further investigated for their various surfactant properties. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) and the effectiveness of surface tension reduction (Πcmc) were determined as a function of surfactant concentration by means of surface tension measurement.

Synthesis and Performance Properties of Cationic Fabric Softeners Derived from Free Fatty Acid of Tallow Fat.

Esterquat cationic softener is basically the class of surface active quaternary ammonium compounds. Esterquat compounds were synthesized and their surface behavior, antibacterial activity and Textile softening properties were investigated. Easily found cheap material was used to synthesize cationic fabric softeners.

Preparation of Zirconia Supported Basic Nanocatalyst: A Physicochemical and Kinetic Study of Biodiesel Production from Soybean Oil.

Zirconia supported cadmium oxide basic nanocatalyst was prepared by simple co-precipitation method using aq. ammonia as precipitating reagent. The catalyst was characterised by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy technique (TEM), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller surface area measurement (BET), temperature program desorption (TPD-CO2) etc.

Choline Chloride Catalyzed Amidation of Fatty Acid Ester to Monoethanolamide: A Green Approach.

Choline chloride catalyzed efficient method for amidation of fatty acid methyl ester to monoethanolamide respectively. This is a solvent free, ecofriendly, 100% chemo selective and economically viable path for alkanolamide synthesis. The Kinetics of amidation of methyl ester were studied and found to be first order with respect to the concentration of ethanolamine.

Ultrasound assisted transesterification of waste cooking oil using heterogeneous solid catalyst.

Transesterification based biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in the presence of heterogeneous solid catalyst has been investigated in the present work. The effect of different operating parameters such as type of catalyst, catalyst concentration, oil to methanol molar ratio and the reaction temperature on the progress of the reaction was studied. Some studies related to catalyst reusability have also been performed.

Synthesis and effect of fatty acid amides as friction modifiers in petroleum base stock.

Fatty acid amides were prepared by using Lewis acid as a catalyst. The products from reaction was subjected to solvent extraction with chloroform and then followed by purification with n-hexane, ethanol and acetonitrile. Fatty acid amide, characterized by various physicochemical and tribological properties like wear scar, weld load and coefficient of friction.

Synthesis of polymers from fatty alcohol and acrylic acid and its impact on tribological properties.

Anhydride copolymers were synthesized from acrylic acid and fatty alcohols (C12- C18, C18:1). These n-alkyl acrylates were treated with maleic anhydride in presence of hydrogen peroxide in second step, to form anhydride copolymer. The anhydride copolymer further reacted to n-butylamine to form poly (n-acrylate-co-nbutylmalemide).

Green synthesis of isopropyl ricinoleate.

Increased environmental awareness is slowly driving the industry to develop alternatives to chemical routes for synthesis. Lipase catalysed synthesis is one such alternative route that is environmentally more acceptable. In this study, immobilized Candida antarctica lipase (Lipozyme 435) was used for the esterification of ricinoleic acid and isopropyl alcohol.

Effect of wax esters as friction modifiers in petroleum base stock.

Condensation product of fatty acids and fatty alcohols is termed as wax esters. A series of fatty acids and fatty alcohols both saturated & unsaturated ranging from C 12 to C 22 were synthesised using p-TSA as a catalyst. Carbonyl functionality was confirmed by infrared spectrophotometer.

Stabilization of emulsion and butter like products containing essential fatty acids using kalonji seeds extract and curcuminoids.

Owing to the tendency of essential fatty acids (EFAs) to undergo autoxidation, their storage becomes a key problem. Generally, they are stabilized by synthetic antioxidants like TBHQ that are toxic in nature. Recently many studies were reported where these EFAs are stabilized by natural antioxidants.