[THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS IN ACUTE STRESS DISORDER (ASD)].

Acute stress disorder (ASD) is a disorder that appears after exposure to a life-threatening event and lasts between three days and a month. In this article, we review therapeutic approaches to this disorder. The information collected, to date, has not demonstrated the effectiveness of drug therapy in preventing the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and therefore, there is no recommendation for providing drug therapy as a routine treatment for ASD.

The effect of legal representation on clinical measures in involuntarily admitted psychiatric patients: a retrospective study.

Background: Most western countries provide funded legal representation (LR) for involuntarily admitted psychiatric patients appearing before judicial committees. In 2004, an amendment to the Israeli Mental Health Act granted this right to involuntarily committed psychiatric patients. Psychiatrists then voiced concerns that LR may increase rates of premature discharge and compromise patients' safety and well-being.

Ovariectomy and High Fat-Sugar-Salt Diet Induced Alzheimer's Disease/Vascular Dementia Features in Mice.

While the vast majority of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is non-familial, the animal models of AD that are commonly used for studying disease pathogenesis and development of therapy are mostly of a familial form. We aimed to generate a model reminiscent of the etiologies related to the common late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) sporadic disease that will recapitulate AD/dementia features. Naïve female mice underwent ovariectomy (OVX) to accelerate aging/menopause and were fed a high fat-sugar-salt diet to expose them to factors associated with increased risk of development of dementia/AD.

Effects of psilocybin, psychedelic mushroom extract and 5-hydroxytryptophan on brain immediate early gene expression: Interaction with serotonergic receptor modulators.

Immediate early genes (IEGs) are rapidly activated and initiate diverse cellular processes including neuroplasticity. We report the effect of psilocybin (PSIL), PSIL-containing psychedelic mushroom extract (PME) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) on expression of the IEGs, , and in mouse somatosensory cortex (SSC). In our initial experiment, male C57Bl/6j mice were injected with PSIL 4.

Effect of chemically synthesized psilocybin and psychedelic mushroom extract on molecular and metabolic profiles in mouse brain.

Psilocybin, a naturally occurring, tryptamine alkaloid prodrug, is currently being investigated for the treatment of a range of psychiatric disorders. Preclinical reports suggest that the biological effects of psilocybin-containing mushroom extract or "full spectrum" (psychedelic) mushroom extract (PME), may differ from those of chemically synthesized psilocybin (PSIL). We compared the effects of PME to those of PSIL on the head twitch response (HTR), neuroplasticity-related synaptic proteins and frontal cortex metabolomic profiles in male C57Bl/6j mice.

Effect of psilocybin on marble burying in ICR mice: role of 5-HT1A receptors and implications for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Preliminary clinical findings, supported by preclinical studies employing behavioral paradigms such as marble burying, suggest that psilocybin may be effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder. However, the receptor mechanisms implicated in the putative anti-obsessional effect are not clear. On this background, we set out to explore (1) the role of serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) and serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptors in the effect of psilocybin on marble burying; (2) the effect of staggered versus bolus psilocybin administration and persistence of the effect; (3) the effect of the 5-HT1A partial agonist, buspirone, on marble-burying and the head twitch response (HTR) induced by psilocybin, a rodent correlate of psychedelic effects.

Perturbed iron biology in the prefrontal cortex of people with schizophrenia.

Despite loss of grey matter volume and emergence of distinct cognitive deficits in young adults diagnosed with schizophrenia, current treatments for schizophrenia do not target disruptions in late maturational reshaping of the prefrontal cortex. Iron, the most abundant transition metal in the brain, is essential to brain development and function, but in excess, it can impair major neurotransmission systems and lead to lipid peroxidation, neuroinflammation and accelerated aging. However, analysis of cortical iron biology in schizophrenia has not been reported in modern literature.

Role of 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT1A and TAAR1 Receptors in the Head Twitch Response Induced by 5-Hydroxytryptophan and Psilocybin: Translational Implications.

There is increasing interest in the therapeutic potential of psilocybin. In rodents, the serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and psilocybin induce a characteristic 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR)-mediated head twitch response (HTR), which is correlated with the human psychedelic trip. We examined the role of other serotonergic receptors and the trace amine -associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) in modulating 5-HTP- and psilocybin-induced HTR.

Could psychedelic drugs have a role in the treatment of schizophrenia? Rationale and strategy for safe implementation.

Schizophrenia is a widespread psychiatric disorder that affects 0.5-1.0% of the world's population and induces significant, long-term disability that exacts high personal and societal cost.

Women's Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Pregnancy.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has multiple ramifications for pregnant women. Untreated depression during pregnancy may have long-term effects on the mother and offspring. Therefore, delineating the effects of pregnancy on the mental health of reproductive-age women is crucial.

Iron chelation by deferiprone does not rescue the Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 mouse model.

Niemann-Pick Disease Type C (NP-C) is a fatal lysosomal storage disorder with progressive neurodegeneration. In addition to the characteristic cholesterol and lipid overload phenotype, we previously found that altered metal homeostasis is also a pathological feature. Increased brain iron in the Npc1 mouse model of NP-C may potentially contribute to neurodegeneration, similar to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

Placebo-To be or not to be? Are there really alternatives to placebo-controlled trials?

Recent success of established treatment has driven concerns about the ethics of using placebo-controlled trials in psychiatry. Active-controlled (superiority or non-inferiority) trials do not include a placebo-arm and thus avoid the associated ethical concerns but show disadvantages in other respects. The aim of this paper is to review the available literature and critically discuss the evidence regarding the use of placebo-controlled- versus active-controlled trials.

Differentially Severe Cognitive Effects of Compromised Cerebral Blood Flow in Aged Mice: Association with Myelin Degradation and Microglia Activation.

Bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) models the effects of compromised cerebral blood flow on brain structure and function in mice. We compared the effects of BCAS in aged (21 month) and young adult (3 month) female mice, anticipating a differentially more severe effect in the older mice. Four weeks after surgery there was a significant age by time by treatment interaction on the radial-arm water maze (RAWM; = 0.

Methylphenidate facilitates hypnotizability in adults with ADHD: a naturalistic cohort study.

Impaired attention may impede learning of adaptive skills in ADHD. While manipulations that reduce competition between attentional processes, including hypnosis, could boost learning, their feasibility in ADHD is unknown. Because hypnotic phenomena rely on attentional mechanisms, the authors aimed to assess whether stimulants could enhance hypnotizability in ADHD.

Differential impact of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on platelet response to clopidogrel: a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial.

Study Objective: To assess the effect of two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), fluvoxamine and citalopram, that markedly differ in their level of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 inhibition, on the laboratory response to clopidogrel, a prodrug requiring metabolism by the CYP system, and especially CYP2C19, to produce its active form.

Design: Randomized, double-blind, crossover trial.

Setting: Clinical research unit of an academic medical center.

Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Presenting as an Acute Psychotic Episode in a Young Woman: An Underdiagnosed yet Treatable Disorder.

Anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a recently identified autoimmune disorder with prominent psychiatric symptoms. Patients usually present with acute behavioral change, psychosis, catatonic symptoms, memory deficits, seizures, dyskinesias, and autonomic instability. In female patients an ovarian teratoma is often identified.