Gellan gum-based in-situ gel formulations for ocular drug delivery: A practical approach.

Ophthalmic disorders significantly impact global health, affecting millions worldwide. Conventional treatments often face challenges related to poor bioavailability and short residence times on the ocular surface. In recent years, in-situ gels prepared using different natural gums including gellan gum has been investigated as a viable means of improving ocular medication delivery.

Fluconazole-loaded Hyaluronic Acid-modified Transfersomal Hydrogels Containing D-panthenol for Ocular Delivery in Fungal Keratitis Management.

Background: Fungal keratitis (mycotic keratitis) is an eye infection in which the cornea is infected by fungi and such fungal keratitis management can be effectively possible by ocular administration of antifungal drugs.

Objective: The main objectives of the present research were to develop and evaluate fluconazoleloaded transfersomal hydrogels for ocular delivery in the effective management of fungal keratitis.

Methods: A 23 factorial design-based approach was used for statistical optimization, where (A) the ratio of lipid to edge activators, (B) the amount of hyaluronic acid (% HA), and (C) the ratio of edge activators (sodium deoxycholate to Span 80) were taken as three factors.

Nanostructured Lipid Carrier-based Topical Gels as Novel Drug Delivery System: A Comprehensive Overview.

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are lipidic nanocarriers that recover the permanency and capacity of drug payloads. NLCs are well-known as second-generation lipid nanocarriers with an unstructured matrix, presenting potentially advantageous nanocarrier systems with marketable opportunities because of reproducible production methodologies and biocompatible lipidic excipients. These (NLCs) are now recognized as a very promising nanocarrier structure for the efficient delivery of drugs via different administration routes.

Amlodipine Ocular Delivery Restores Ferning Patterns and Reduces Intensity of Glycosylated Peak of Carrageenan-Induced Tear Fluid: An Flexible Docking with IL-β1.

Background: The tear ferning test can be an easy clinical procedure for the evaluation and characterization of the ocular tear film.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the restoration of tear ferning patterns and reduction of glycosylation peak after amlodipine application in carrageenan-induced conjunctivitis.

Methods: At the rabbit's upper palpebral region, carrageenan was injected for cytokine-mediated conjunctivitis.

The Dilemma of Insulin Delivery into the Brain: A Comprehensive Review.

Insulin is a peptide hormone that is essential for regulating body homeostasis. Furthermore, it is involved in various neurological functions such as memory, behaviors, and cognition. The ubiquitous distribution of insulin receptors on various brain cells, such as neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, and their differential localization across various brain regions, including the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and olfactory bulb, collectively underscore the crucial involvement of insulin in the modulation of cerebral functions.

Nanovesicles as Potential Carriers for Delivery of Antiviral Drugs: A Comprehensive Review.

Different nanocarriers-based strategies are now extensively being used as an important strategy for improving drug efficacy and responsiveness, reducing toxicity issues related to drugs and harmful side effects, and overcoming the numerous significant difficulties related to absorption and bioavailability. Amongst different nanocarriers, nanovesicles are excellent and versatile systems for effectively delivering biomolecules, drugs, and targeted ligand distribution and location. Nanovesicles are nanosized self-assembling spherical capsules with an aqueous core and one/more lipid(s) layers.

Wound Healing Activity of Topical Herbal Gels Containing Barringtonia acutangula Fruit Extract: In silico and In vivo Studies.

The current study describes the efficacy of B. acutangula fruit extract in wound healing via incorporation within topical gels. B.

Lipid-Gelucire based rectal delivery of ramipril prodrug exhibits significant lowering of intra-ocular pressure in normotensive rabbit: sustained structural relaxation release kinetics and IVIVC.

Carboxylesterase enzymes convert a prodrug ramipril into the biologically active metabolite ramiprilat. It is prescribed for controlling ocular hypertension after oral administration. High concentrations of carboxylesterase enzymes in rectal and colon tissue can transform ramipril significantly to ramiprilat.

Influence of Nano-Particulate Impurities and β-glucans on the Stability of Protein-Based Formulations.

Pharmaceutical grade sugars manufactured under Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) and complied with International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) quality standards, also contain a significant amount of nano-particulate impurities (NPIs). This review will focus on the origin of NPIs, the mechanism of their interference with Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and endotoxin tests, filtration technology to effectively reduce the NPIs, methodologies for analytical quantification of NPIs, guidance for setting the limits of threshold concentration and the overall impact of NPIs on the therapeutic activity, performance, stability of biopharmaceuticals and protein-based formulations. NPIs with an average particle size of 100 to 200 nm are present in sugars and are a combination of various chemicals such as dextrans (with the presence of β-glucans), ash, inorganic metal salts, aromatic colorants, etc.

Surface Tailoring-Modulated Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis with CoP for Rechargeable Zn-Air Battery and Water Splitting.

The transition metal phosphide (TMP)-based functional electrocatalysts are very promising for the development of electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices including rechargeable metal-air batteries and water electrolyzer. Tuning the electrocatalytic activity of TMPs is one of the vital steps to achieve the desired performance of these energy devices. Herein, we demonstrate the modulation of the bifunctional oxygen electrocatalytic activity of nitrogen-doped carbon-encapsulated CoP (CoP@NC) nanostructures by surface tailoring with ultralow amount (0.

Recent Advancements in Bioelectronic Medicine: A Review.

Bioelectronic medicine is a multidisciplinary field that combines molecular medicine, neurology, engineering, and computer science to design devices for diagnosing and treating diseases. The advancements in bioelectronic medicine can improve the precision and personalization of illness treatment. Bioelectronic medicine can produce, suppress, and measure electrical activity in excitable tissue.

Conveyance of sofosbuvir through vesicular lipid nanocarriers as an effective strategy for management of viral meningitis.

This study aimed to deliver a potential water-soluble antiviral drug (sofosbuvir) through optimized vesicular lipid nanocarriers (LNs) to the rat brain as a novel strategy against viral meningitis. A 2 factorial design approach was established to assess the effect of formulation composition and process variables on the physicochemical properties of the LNs. Sofosbuvir-loaded LNs (SLNs) were developed by lipid layer hydration method utilizing optimized parameters and evaluated for various characterizations like FTIR, DSC, XRD, FESEM, vesicle size, zeta potential, drug carrying capacity and drug release.

Thyme Oil-Containing Fluconazole-Loaded Transferosomal Bigel for Transdermal Delivery.

The objective of the present research was to develop fluconazole-loaded transferosomal bigels for transdermal delivery by employing statistical optimization (2 factorial design-based). Thin-film hydration was employed to prepare fluconazole-loaded transferomal suspensions, which were then incorporated into bigel system. A 2 factorial design was employed where ratios of lipids to edge activators, lipids (soya lecithin to cholesterol), and edge activators (sodium deoxycholate to Tween 80) were factors.

Chitosan-carboxymethyl tamarind gum in situ polyelectrolyte complex-based floating capsules of ofloxacin: In vitro-in vivo studies.

The current research attempted to design and evaluate sustained stomach-specific ofloxacin delivery by single-unit hydrodynamically balanced system (HBS)-based floating capsules. These HBS-based floating capsules of ofloxacin were prepared using two oppositely ionic polymers, namely cationic-natured low molecular mass chitosan (LMMCH) and anionic-natured carboxymethyl tamarind gum (CMTG). FTIR results indicated the in situ formation of a polyelectrolyte complex in-between two oppositely charged polymers (i.

Natural Polymeric Nanobiocomposites for Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery Therapeutics: A Recent Update.

Cancer is one of the most common lethal diseases and the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Effective cancer treatment is a global problem, and subsequent advancements in nanomedicine are useful as substitute management for anti-cancer agents. Nanotechnology, which is gaining popularity, enables fast-expanding delivery methods in science for curing diseases in a site-specific approach, utilizing natural bioactive substances because several studies have established that natural plant-based bioactive compounds can improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy.

Dental delivery systems of antimicrobial drugs using chitosan, alginate, dextran, cellulose and other polysaccharides: A review.

Dental caries, periodontal disease, and endodontic disease are major public health concerns worldwide due to their impact on individuals' quality of life. The present problem of dental disorders is the removal of the infection caused by numerous microbes, particularly, bacteria (both aerobes and anaerobes). The most effective method for treating and managing dental diseases appears to be the use of antibiotics or other antimicrobials, which are incorporated in some drug delivery systems.

The role of bixin as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and skin protecting natural product extracted from Bixa orellana L.

Since long, medicinal plants or herbs are being used in different traditional treatment systems as therapeutic agents to treat a variety of illnesses. Bixa orellana L., an medicinal plant (family: Bixaceae), is an Ayurvedic herb used to treat dyslipidemia, diarrhoea, and hepatitis since ancient times.

Greulich and Pyle atlas: a non-reliable skeletal maturity assessment method in the North Indian population.

Forensic age assessments are crucial in the evaluation of criminal responsibility and preventing false age claims. Of all the methods available, the Greulich and Pyle (GP) atlas is most commonly used for age estimation purposes. Therefore, the current study sought to analyze the reliability and applicability of the GP standard and, additionally, to determine any possible association between the socioeconomic status (SES), food habits, and estimated skeletal maturity in the North Indian population.

A comprehensive review on pharmaceutical uses of plant-derived biopolysaccharides.

Biopolysaccharides extracted from plants are mainly photosynthetic byproducts found in leaves, pods, stems, fruits, grains, seeds, corms, rhizomes, roots, bark exudates, and other plant parts. Recently, these plant-derived biopolysaccharides have received a great deal of attention as pharmaceutical excipients in a range of different dosage forms because of several key advantages, such as widespread accessibility from nature as plant-based sources are readily available, sustainable production, availability of easy and cost-effective extraction methodologies, aqueous solubility, swelling capability in the aqueous medium, non-toxicity, biodegradability, etc. The current review presents a comprehensive overview of the uses of plant-derived biopolysaccharides as effective pharmaceutical excipients in the formulations of different kinds of dosage forms, for example gels, pastes, films, emulsions, suspensions, capsules, tablets, nanoparticles, microparticles, beads, buccal formulations, transdermal formulations, ocular formulations, nasal formulations, etc.

RGD-decorated PLGA nanoparticles improved effectiveness and safety of cisplatin for lung cancer therapy.

Upon extensive pharmaceutical and biomedical research to treat lung cancer indicates that lung cancer remains one of the deadliest diseases and the leading cause of death in men and women worldwide. Lung cancer remains untreated and has a high mortality rate due to the limited potential for effective treatment with existing therapies. This highlights the urgent need to develop an effective, precise and sustainable solutions to treat lung cancer.

Environmentally benign approach for the efficient sequestration of methylene blue and coomassie brilliant blue using graphene oxide emended gelatin/κ-carrageenan hydrogels.

Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of gelatin/κ-carrageenan crosslinked polyacrylic acid hydrogel (GT-CAG-cl-polyAA) and graphene oxide incorporated hydrogel nanocomposite (GO) through a free radical crosslinking pathway. Under optimized reaction conditions, GT-CAG-cl-polyAA displayed 486 % maximum swelling percentage. TEM image depicted wrinkled silk veil wave-type surface morphology of graphene oxide (GO), whereas, the SEM analysis indicated the porous nature of the GT-CAG-cl-polyAA and GO capable of accumulating a large number of water/dye molecules.

Recent advances in erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles for the delivery of anti-cancer therapeutics.

Introduction: Red blood cell (or erythrocyte) membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles (RBC-NPs) not only have a superior circulation life and do not induce accelerated blood clearance but also possess special functions, which offers great potential in cancer therapy.

Areas Covered: This review focuses on the recent advances of RBC-NPs for delivering various agents to treat cancers in light of their vital role in improving drug delivery. Meanwhile, the construction and in vivo behavior of RBC-NPs are discussed to provide an in-depth understanding of the basis of RBC-NPs for improved cancer drug delivery.

Unraveling Variations in Celiac Trunk and Hepatic Artery by CT Angiography to Aid in Surgeries of Upper Abdominal Region.

Understanding of variations in the course and source of abdominal arteries is crucial for any surgical intervention in the peritoneal space. Intricate surgeries of the upper abdominal region, such as hepato-biliary, pancreatic, gastric and splenic surgeries, require precise knowledge of regular anatomy and different variations related to celiac trunk and hepatic artery. In addition, information about the origin of inferior phrenic artery is important in conditions such as hepatocellular carcinoma and gastroesophageal bleeding management.

Borderline microscopic organism and lockdown impacted across the borders-global shakers.

Viruses are the potential cause of several diseases including novel corona virus-19, flu, small pox, chicken pox, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome etc. The objectives of this review article are to summarize the reasons behind the epidemics caused by several emerging viruses and bacteria, how to control the infection and preventive strategies. We have explained the causes of epidemics along with their preventive measures, the impact of lockdown on the health of people and the economy of a country.