Histopathological changes in various organs in electrocution deaths.

Death due to electrical injuries are a major health concern and has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Electrocution death is defined as that occurring due to passage of electric current inside the body and is obviously a form of unnatural death. The cause includes ventricular fibrillation, paralysis of respiratory muscles and the central respiratory centre.

Prognostic Effectiveness of PD-L1 Tumoral Expression in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

PD-L1 is a glycoprotein present on antigen-presenting cells and malignant cells and activates the PD-L1 receptor on cells surfaces, leading to T-cell anergy and death. The objective of this study was to assess PD-L1 tumoral expression in 50 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, define its prognostic value, and investigate its association with 2-year overall survival, locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis, and a number of other clinicopathological parameters. In a 24-month prospective observational study, involving 50 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients, PD-L1 tumoral expression was evaluated using semiquantitative immunohistochemistry analysis by an experienced pathologist.

Ectopic Cervical Thymus in Adult: An Incidental Finding.

Thymus is a paired organ which develops during the sixth week of fetal life, attains maximum size by three years and involutes in adult life. Anatomically it is situated in superior mediastinum. Thymus can be present at ectopic sites like neck, skull base, middle ear, submandibular gland and tonsil.

Effectiveness of sentinel lymph node biopsy and bilateral pelvic nodal dissection using methylene blue dye in early-stage operable cervical cancer-A prospective study.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of methylene blue dye in detecting sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in women with early-stage operable (defined as FIGO I-IIA) cervical cancer. It also aims to evaluate procedural challenges and accuracy.

Method: This prospective study, which focused on 20 women with early-stage cervical cancer, was carried out between June 2016 and December 2017.

Differential expression of CK7, CK20, CDX2 in intestinal and pancreatobiliary types of preriampullary carcinoma.

Context: Incidence of periampullary carcinoma is low, approximately 0.5-2% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. Histologic subtyping has a prognostic bearing.

Effect of Correction of Hyperthyroidism with Anti-thyroid Drugs on the Glycated Hemoglobin in Non-diabetic Patients with Primary Hyperthyroidism.

Background: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels are dependent not only on the average blood glucose levels over the preceding 2 - 3 months but also on the turnover of erythrocytes. Hyperthyroidism is known to be associated with an increase in erythrocyte turnover that may falsely lower the HbA1c in relation to the level of glycemia.

Objectives: To assess the impact of medical correction of hyperthyroidism on HbA1c, independent of changes in the fasting plasma glucose and 2-hour post-oral glucose tolerance test plasma glucose.

Estrogen and progesterone receptor in meningiomas: An immunohistochemical analysis.

Background: Meningiomas are common slow-growing primary intracranial neoplasms attached to the dura mater and are composed of neoplastic meningothelial cells. Increased incidence of meningiomas in women with an increased tumor growth during pregnancy and a possible association with breast cancer suggested that female sex hormones have been involved in the growth of meningiomas. Antihormonal-targeted therapy would be beneficial in such patients.

Expression of p53 & epidermal growth factor receptor in glioblastoma.

Background & Objectives: Glioblastoma (GB) is the most frequent brain tumour, manifesting at any age, with a peak incidence between 45 and 75 years. Primary and secondary GBs constitute relatively distinct disease entities in evolution, in expression profiles and in therapeutic response. Histopathologically, primary and secondary GBs are indistinguishable.

Familial Swyer syndrome: a rare genetic entity.

Swyer syndrome is a pure gonadal dysgenesis associated with a 46 XY karyotype and primary amenorrhea in a phenotypic female. Individuals in this syndrome are at an increased risk for development of gonadal malignancies. Swyer syndrome (gonadal dysgenesis) running in families is rare event and few such scenarios were reported in the literature.

Atypical Parathyroid Adenoma with Multiple Brown Tumors as Initial Presentation: A Rare Entity.

Brown tumors seen in hyperparathyroidism are rare, non-neoplastic lesions because of abnormal bone metabolism, and they can mimic benign bone tumors or malignancy. Although biopsy is considered as the gold standard for diagnosis, it can be inconclusive. As the diagnosis of brown tumors is often challenging, a high index of suspicion is essential for diagnosis.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu protein expression in meningiomas: An immunohistochemical study.

Background: Meningiomas are common slow-growing primary central nervous system tumors that arise from the meningothelial cells of the arachnoid and spinal cord. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) or HER2/neu (also known as c-erbB2) is a 185-kD transmembrane glycoprotein with tyrosine kinase activity expressed in meningiomas and various other tumors. It can be used in targeted therapy for HER2/neu positive meningiomas.

Helicobacter pylori in Cholecystectomy Specimens-Morphological and Immunohistochemical Assessment.

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric carcinoma and gastric lymphoma. Current literature describes presence of H.

Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Meningiomas with Reference to Proliferative Markers p53 and Ki-67.

Introduction: Meningiomas are slow growing primary central nervous system (CNS) tumours attached to the duramater, which arise from the meningothelial cells of the arachnoid. Grading of meningioma based on histological findings assisted with supplementary immunohistochemical studies, predicts the prognosis of meningioma with good precision.

Aim: To evaluate proliferative markers and correlate with various histological subtypes and grade.

A study of primary glomerular diseases in adults; clinical, histopathological and immunofluorescence correlations.

The frequency of primary glomerular diseases is variable from one part of the world to the other. Data published from India has shown wide range of variation in the different regions of the country. This study reports the frequency of primary glomerulonephritis (GN) in adults in the Rayalaseema region of south India.

Hormone receptor status (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor), human epidermal growth factor-2 and p53 in South Indian breast cancer patients: A tertiary care center experience.

Unlabelled: Breast cancer, in India, is the second commonest cancer in females. Receptor status with ER/PR/Her 2 is now routinely done in patients with invasive carcinoma. The tumour suppressor gene, p53, is also present in most breast cancers.

Thyrolipomatosis: an inquisitive rare entity.

It is rare to find diffuse presence of mature adipose tissue inside thyroid gland which defines thyrolipomatosis. We report a case of a 32-year-old hyperthyroid female on suppression therapy since the past 2 years presenting with diffuse thyroid swelling. She underwent total thyroidectomy and the histopathology revealed features of thyrolipomatosis.

Should we apply suction during fine needle cytology of thyroid lesions? A prospective study of 200 cases.

Introduction: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a well-established first line diagnostic tool in evaluating palpable thyroid lesions. However, the technique depends on suction and thus is at times painful, sometimes traumatic and yield haemorrhagic material for cytological study. In more recent times, a modified technique called fine needle sampling without aspiration (FNS) has come into vogue which obviates the use of suction and therefore is more patient friendly.

Cutaneous metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: Cytological aspect.

Cutaneous metastasis from transitional cell carcinoma urinary bladder is a rare clinical entity associated with poor prognosis. This case report describes a 51-year-old male who presented with multiple cutaneous metastases arising from high grade transitional cell carcinoma bladder with lamina propria invasion. The prominent cytological features include medium sized to large pleomorphic cells with irregular nuclear outlines, coarse chromatin pattern, and tumor giant cells.

Metastasis in central nervous system: Clinicopathological study with review of literature in a tertiary care center in South India.

Background: Secondary central nervous system (CNS) tumors are common in Western countries, but in Indian literature, scant data are available. With the advent of newer imaging techniques, the confirmatory histopathological diagnosis has become comparatively easier. Hereby, we have analyzed our data from a single tertiary care center in south India.