A comprehensive study of modified three-month pediatrics training curriculum at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and its impact on student satisfaction.

Objectives: Continuous curriculum improvements reveal the dedication of policy-makers to raising the quality of education and student learning. This study aims to report the impact of curriculum changes to the three-month pediatric course curriculum at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU) on the satisfaction levels of medical students.

Methods: One hundred eighteen 4-5 years medical students, who had completed their pediatric clinical rotation in SBMU-affiliated teaching hospitals including Mofid Children Hospital, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, and Imam Hossein Hospital from January to December 2022 were included in this cross-sectional study.

Efficacy of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of fecal incontinence in children and adolescents: a randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: Functional retentive overflow incontinence (retentive FI) is the most common cause of fecal soiling in children. Based on the clinical experiences, the treatment of retentive FI in patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders was accelerated when Risperidone was used as treatment for their psychiatric comorbidities; therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of risperidone in the treatment of retentive FI in children and adolescents.

Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 140 patients aged 4-16 years eligible for the study were randomized into two groups, receiving either 0.

Indications, success, and adverse event rates of pediatric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: To improve knowledge on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in children, we aimed to study the proportion of indications, success rate and complication of ERCP.

Methods: We performed a systematic search of all articles published up to December 2022 in the following databases: Cochrane Library, PubMed (MEDLINE) and Scopus. The meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model.

Co-occurrence of celiac disease and glycogen storage disease in a five-year-old patient with diabetes mellitus; a case report.

A patient presented with edema, ascites and jaundice. Histologic report was consistent with Celiac Disease. Liver biopsy commensurate with Glycogen storage disease III, which was confirmed by genetic testing.

Investigation of FGF21 mRNA levels and relative mitochondrial DNA copy number levels and their relation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a case-control study.

Although the exact mechanisms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are not fully understood, numerous pieces of evidence show that the variations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) level and hepatic Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) expression may be related to NAFLD susceptibility. The main objective of this study was to determine relative levels of mtDNA copy number and hepatic FGF21 expression in a cohort of Iranian NAFLD patients and evaluate the possible relationship. This study included 27 NAFLD patients (10 with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and 17 with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)) and ten healthy subjects.

A dual H-type tracheoesophageal fistula; why not being repaired simultaneously? A case report and review of literature.

Background: H-type Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF) is a particular type of congenital esophageal anomalies, in which patients present with non-specific symptoms that can result in delayed diagnosis. Here, we report two pediatric cases with a rarer variant called ‟dual H-type TEFˮ.

Case Presentation: We present two cases of H-type TEF.

Questioning Diagnostic Value of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 for Biliary Atresia.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) has been suggested as a promising biomarker in diagnosing biliary atresia (BA). This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of serum MMP7 in BA in the Middle Eastern population.

Methods And Materials: In this cross-sectional study, neonates and infants with direct hyperbilirubinemia admitted to Namazi referral hospital, Shiraz, Iran, were studied.

Effect of omega-3 supplementation on lipid profile in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Purpose: Dyslipidemia is considered as a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Yet various trials with wide ranges of doses and durations have reported contradictory results. We undertook this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine whether omega-3 supplementation can affect lipid profile in children and adolescents.

Blood lead level evaluation in children presenting with chronic constipation in Tehran-Iran: a cross-sectional study.

Constipation is a common reason for children seeking medical care worldwide. Abdominal complaints and constipation are also common in lead-poisoned children. This study evaluates the prevalence of abnormal blood lead levels (BLL) among pediatric and adolescent patients and examines the association of constipation with elevated BLL.

The association of fecal calprotectin and respiratory exacerbation in cystic fibrosis patients.

Background: CF patients experience several episodes of pulmonary exacerbations and reduction in their lung function progressively. Lung function is not the only diagnostic index by physicians to decide if CF patients require antibiotic therapy following pulmonary exacerbations. Non-invasive fecal indicators are increasingly being used to assess intestinal inflammation.

Rectal measurements and their correlation with bowel habits: Evaluation by trans-abdominal ultrasound in children with functional constipation.

Aim: Constipation is one of the most common complaints in childhood affecting the quality of life of both children and parents. This study intends to investigate rectal measurements on ultrasound and their relationship with bowel habits.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 children with functional constipation (FC) referred to a single hospital between 2018 and 2019 were enrolled.

Right-sided aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery diagnosed in an infant with regurgitation.

Right-sided aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery is a rare congenital anomaly of the aorta that occurs in less than 0.1% of the population. Patients are asymptomatic in most cases, and the anomaly is found incidentally; however, symptoms can occur due to the compression of other structures, mostly the trachea and esophagus.

Effects of probiotic supplementation on abdominal pain severity in pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: Probiotic supplementation has been used to alleviate abdominal pain in children and adolescents with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the evidence is not compelling. Thus, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were performed to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation on abdominal pain in pediatric patients with IBS.

Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase were the available databases searched to find relevant randomized clinical trials up to April 2021.

Blood lead concentrations among pediatric patients with abdominal pain: a prospective cross-sectional study.

Background: Lead exposure is one of the most menacing of environmental exposures, particularly in children. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead which manifest in many organ systems, including interference with mental and motor development. Lead poisoning can cause colicky abdominal pain.

COVID-19 pneumonia in a child with hepatic encephalopathy: A case study.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the seventh coronavirus, known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2). Children often have milder diseases than adults with very rare mortality. Gastrointestinal manifestations and a mild increase in liver enzymes have been reported in 8.

Evaluating the association between neonatal mortality and maternal high blood pressure, heart disease and gestational diabetes: A case control study.

Background: Prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) during pregnancy is recommended due to severe complications for mothers and infants. Considering that NCDs have a significant impact on infant mortality, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between mothers' underlying diseases and gestational diabetes and infant mortality in Iran.

Materials And Methods: Mothers who referred to the health centers in nine provinces of Iran were included.

Microbial contamination of home nebulizers in children with cystic fibrosis and clinical implication on the number of pulmonary exacerbations.

Background: Early detection of pulmonary contamination in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is essential since these children are vulnerable to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) colonization. In Iran, home nebulization of antibiotics is a widespread practice in treatment for patients with CF and, to the best our knowledge, no bacteriological surveys have been conducted till date in this regard.

Diagnostic Challenges in the Early Onset of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case Report.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with very early onset manifestations (younger than six years of age) is an essential pediatric gastrointestinal disease that encompasses a group of diverse and rare genetic defects. It may be associated with chronicity, premalignant nature, and high morbidity and mortality during childhood. Because of overlapping phenotypes, the definitive diagnosis based on conventional strategies is frequently a challenge.

Assessing the Prevalence and Treatment of Malnutrition in Hospitalized Children in Mofid Children's Hospital During 2015-2016.

Background: Malnutrition in hospitalized patients causes problems in treatment and increases hospitalization duration. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized children.

Methods: Children aged 1 month to 18 years (n = 1186) who were admitted to medical and surgery wards of Mofid children's hospital from November 2015 to February 2016, entered the study.