Supplementation of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate together could not improve performance and performance-related factors in CrossFit participants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Background: CrossFit includes weightlifting, powerlifting, and gymnastics in various combinations of overloads and repetitions with limited rest periods or no rest between training sets. Due to the novelty of CrossFit, there are few studies on the effect of nutritional strategies on the acute response to this type of sports activity. This study examined the effect of caffeine (CAF) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) ingestion separately and in combination on the performance and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) during the Cindy CrossFit workout (Cindy) in CrossFit participants.

High-intensity circuit training change serum myostatin but not myogenin in adolescents' soccer players: a quasi-experimental study.

Background: Skeletal muscle contractions due to exercise lead to the secretion of many proteins and proteoglycan peptides called myokines. Myostatin (MSTN) and Myogenin (MyoG) are two of the most important skeletal muscle growth regulatory factors related to myoblast differentiation and muscle hypertrophy. The present study aims at investigating the effects over eight weeks of high-intensity circuit training (HICT) on serum MyoG and MSTN in male soccer players.

Adiponectin: Structure, Physiological Functions, Role in Diseases, and Effects of Nutrition.

Adiponectin (a protein consisting of 244 amino acids and characterized by a molecular weight of 28 kDa) is a cytokine that is secreted from adipose tissues (adipokine). Available evidence suggests that adiponectin is involved in a variety of physiological functions, molecular and cellular events, including lipid metabolism, energy regulation, immune response and inflammation, and insulin sensitivity. It has a protective effect on neurons and neural stem cells.