The use of a decision board to elicit Brazilian patients' and physicians' preferences for treatment: the case of lupus nephritis.

Objectives: To find preferences for treatment expressed by lupus patients and physicians (who were asked to assume they have lupus) and to explore if certain variables explain these preferences.

Methods: One hundred seventy-two patients and 202 physicians were interviewed using a lupus nephritis decision board that describes the treatment options and their potential benefits and risks. Clinical and sociodemographic variables were collected.

Relation between fractures and mortality: results from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study.

Background: Fractures have largely been assessed by their impact on quality of life or health care costs. We conducted this study to evaluate the relation between fractures and mortality.

Methods: A total of 7753 randomly selected people (2187 men and 5566 women) aged 50 years and older from across Canada participated in a 5-year observational cohort study.

Development and testing of a decision board to help clinicians present treatment options to lupus nephritis patients in Brazil.

Objective: Decision boards (DBs) help clinicians present options and include patients in the decision-making process. Our objective was to describe the steps to develop a DB to support shared decision making and assess reliability and construct validity.

Methods: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) scenarios were designed with the support of experts for disease severity, potential side effects, and outcomes.

Economic evaluation of HIV screening in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in India.

Objective: With prevalence of HIV rising in pregnant women in India, pediatric HIV/AIDS is emerging as a public health problem. We evaluated the additional costs to the health care system and the additional health outcomes of introducing a voluntary primary care HIV screening program for pregnant women in India.

Methods: The analysis was conducted from the government perspective.

Adjunctive human papillomavirus testing in the 2-year follow-up of women with low-grade cervical cytologic abnormalities: a randomized trial and economic evaluation.

Context: Although human papillomavirus (HPV) testing may aid in managing low-grade abnormality on screening cervical cytology, patient compliance with repeat testing programs requires consideration.

Objectives: To determine effectiveness and costs of repeated Papanicolaou (Pap) test and oncogenic HPV testing for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or 3.

Design: We conducted a randomized controlled trial of combined Pap test and cervical HPV testing by Hybrid Capture 1 test compared with Pap test alone; tests were performed every 6 months for up to 2 years.