Stalking the stalk: Isolated pituitary stalk thickening and predictive factors for proliferative disease.

Background: Few studies have evaluated predictive factors of isolated pituitary stalk thickening (iPST) in children.

Methods: In this retrospective study, radiology, endocrinology, and neuro-oncology databases were interrogated to identify patients with iPST between January 2000 and June 2019. A blinded, longitudinal assessment of MRIs was performed using quantitative, semi-quantitative, and qualitative metrics.

Biomarkers of mitochondrial stress and DNA damage during pediatric catheter-directed neuroangiography - a prospective single-center study.

Background: Neuroangiography represents a critical diagnostic and therapeutic imaging modality whose associated radiation may be of concern in children. The availability of in vivo radiation damage markers would represent a key advancement for understanding radiation effects and aid in the development of radioprotective strategies.

Objective: Determine if biomarkers of cellular damage can be detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of children undergoing neuroangiography.

Safety evaluation of the trastuzumab biosimilar in Iranian women with HER2-positive breast cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy: a post-marketing surveillance.

Background: Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). This post-marketing surveillance evaluates the safety of a trastuzumab biosimilar (AryoTrust), produced by AryoGen Co. Iran in Iranian women with HER2-positive non-metastatic breast cancer (BC).

Alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) hormones 6 months after cranial radiotherapy in adult patients with primary brain tumors outside the HPA region.

Background: Cranial radiotherapy is a common treatment for brain tumors, but it can affect the hypothalamic-pituitary (H-P) axis and lead to hormonal disorders. This study aimed to compare serum levels of HPA hormones before and after cranial radiation.

Materials And Methods: This study involved 27 adult patients who underwent brain tumor resection before the initiation of radiotherapy, and none had metastatic brain tumors.

Fever at Time of Leukemia Diagnosis in Children: Predictor of Bloodstream Infection or Catheter Removal?

Purpose: To assess the incidence of fever at diagnosis in children with leukemia and determine if fever at diagnosis is a predictor of bloodstream infection (BSI) or central venous access device (CVAD) removal for infection either within the first 30 days or between 30 and 90 days after CVAD insertion.

Materials And Methods: One hundred fifty-one patients with acute leukemia (July 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020) who underwent a CVAD insertion within 2 weeks of diagnosis were included. Patient data included demographic characteristics, fever at diagnosis, CVAD type, antibiotics before and/or on the day of CVAD insertion, BSI incidence, BSI rates per 1,000 catheter days, and need for catheter removal after CVAD insertion within 30 days and between 30 and 90 days.

Characterization and quantification of fluid in the abdomen by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in children with clinical suspicion of appendicitis.

Purpose: While regarded as a secondary sign of pediatric appendicitis, the frequency of physiologic intra-abdominal fluid in children with suspected but absent appendicitis is unknown. Ex vivo: to assess the validity of US/MRI measurements of free fluid. In vivo: in suspected pediatric appendicitis, to assess the amount of abdominal fluid by US and MRI, determine performance characteristics of US in fluid detection and identify fluid volume ranges in confirmed appendicitis.

Diagnostic accuracy of tumor M2-pyruvate kinase (tM2-PK) as a non-invasive biomarker in colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The tumor pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (tM2-PK) is a glycolytic enzyme isoform that is present on the surface of rapidly proliferating cancer cells. The objective of this investigation was to assess the efficacy of the tM2-PK measurement assay in detecting colorectal cancer (CRC) through the analysis of serum/plasma and stool samples obtained from patients.

Methods: The pooled diagnostic performance measures, including sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), the area under the curve (AUC), Q*index, and summary receiver-operating characteristic curve (SROC), were computed using the Meta-Disc V.

Analyzing Barriers and Enablers for the Acceptance of Artificial Intelligence Innovations into Radiology Practice: A Scoping Review.

Objectives: This scoping review was conducted to determine the barriers and enablers associated with the acceptance of artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML)-enabled innovations into radiology practice from a physician's perspective.

Methods: A systematic search was performed using Ovid Medline and Embase. Keywords were used to generate refined queries with the inclusion of computer-aided diagnosis, artificial intelligence, and barriers and enablers.

Increased rate of significant findings on brain MRI during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: To assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the proportion of abnormal paediatric neuroimaging findings as a surrogate marker for potential underutilisation.

Methods: Consecutive paediatric brain MRIs performed between March 27th and June 19th 2019 (T) and March 23rd and June 1st 2020 (T) were reviewed and classified according to presence or absence and type of imaging abnormality, and graded regarding severity on a 5-point Likert scale, where grade 4 was defined as abnormal finding requiring non-urgent intervention and grade 5 was defined as acute illness prompting urgent medical intervention. Non-parametric statistical testing was used to assess for significant differences between T vs.

The additive effect of intravitreal dexamethasone combined with bevacizumab in refractory diabetic macular edema.

Purpose: To evaluate the short-term structural and visual outcomes and side effects associated with intravitreal dexamethasone (IVD) combined with bevacizumab (IVB) in treating patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and an inadequate response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents.

Methods: In this prospective interventional case series, a total of 81 eyes of 81 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and refractory DME were included and assigned to one of two groups: I) those receiving three monthly intravitreal injections of combined bevacizumab and dexamethasone (IVB+IVD) and II) those receiving three monthly intravitreal injections of bevacizumab alone (IVB). The primary outcome was the inter-group difference in central macular thickness (CMT); secondary outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), baseline optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers, and intraocular pressure (IOP) one month after the last injection.

Detection of Circulating Cell-free DNA to Diagnose Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chinese Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Cell-free circulating DNA has been known for many years, but this knowledge has not been beneficial for diagnosis. In this meta-analysis, we examine the diagnostic role of circulating cell-free DNA in HCC patients to find a reliable biomarker for the early detection of HCC.

Materials And Methods: We performed a systematic literature search using Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Embase, up to April 1st, 2022.

Blood-based microRNAs as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Melanoma: A Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) serve as noninvasive diagnostic markers in many cancers. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of circulating microRNAs for melanoma.

Materials And Methods: The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and ROC curve were evaluated using the Meta-Disc V.

Imaging Evaluation for Thoracic Spine Fractures in Pediatric Trauma Patients: A Single-Center Experience at an Academic Children's Hospital.

Background: Imaging workup for evaluating thoracic spine fracture (TSF) in pediatric blunt trauma is variable.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the number of TSFs missed by radiography and identified on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that required intervention or resulted in a change in management.

Methods: A retrospective review of children with TSFs was performed.

Association of new sonographic features with outcome in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis.

Background: We have recently noted some sonographic features in necrotizing enterocolitis that have received little or no attention in the current literature. These include thickening of the mesentery, hyperechogenicity of intraluminal intestinal contents, abnormalities of the abdominal wall, and poor definition of the intestinal wall. It has been our impression that the above four sonographic findings are generally seen in neonates with more severe necrotizing enterocolitis and may be useful in predicting outcome.

Myocardial late gadolinium enhancement using delayed 3D IR-FLASH in the pediatric population: feasibility and diagnostic performance compared to single-shot PSIR-bSSFP.

Background: This study compares three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution (HR) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE; 3D HR-LGE) imaging using a respiratory navigated, electrocardiographically-gated inversion recovery gradient echo sequence with conventional LGE imaging using a single-shot phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP; PSIR-bSSFP) sequence for routine clinical use in the pediatric population.

Methods: Pediatric patients (0-18 years) who underwent clinical cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) with both 3D HR-LGE and single-shot PSIR-bSSFP LGE between January 2018 and June 2020 were included. Image quality (0-4) and detection of LGE in the left ventricle (LV) (per 17 segments), in the right ventricle (RV) (per 3 segments), as endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE), at the hinge points, and at the papillary muscles was analyzed by two blinded readers for each sequence.

Findings in percutaneous trans-hepatic cholecysto-cholangiography in neonates and infants presenting with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia: emphasis on differential diagnosis and cholangiographic patterns.

Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is one of the causes of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in infants which if untreated leads to end-stage liver disease and death. Percutaneous Trans-hepatic Cholecysto-Cholangiography (PTCC) is a minimally invasive study which can be utilized in the diagnostic work-up of these patients. This study's purpose is to describe the experience with PTCC in neonates, the imaging findings encountered, and the abnormal patterns which warrant further investigation.

The Role of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Optic Nerve Head Edema: A Narrative Review.

Optic nerve head (ONH) edema is a clinical manifestation of many ocular and systemic disorders. Ocular and central nervous system imaging has been used to differentiate the underlying cause of ONH edema and monitor the disease course. ONH vessel abnormalities are among the earliest signs of impaired axonal transportation.

The clinical relationship between histamine-1 receptor antagonists and risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: A systematic research was performed to review the relationship between use of histamine-1 receptor antagonists and cancer risk.

Method: Databases were searched up to December 2021. Case-control and cohort studies evaluating the relationship between use of histamine-1 receptor antagonists and risk of cancer were selected.

Can microRNAs be utilized as tumor markers for recurrence following nephrectomy in renal cell carcinoma patients? A meta-analysis provides the answer.

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an aggressive tumor. Many studies investigated microRNAs (miRs) as RCC prognostic biomarkers, often reporting inconsistent findings. We present a meta-analysis to identify if tissue-derived miRs can be used as a prognostic factor in patients after nephrectomy.

Exploring the impact of anterior chest wall scars from implantable venous ports in adolescent survivors of cancer.

Background: In children with cancer, port-a-caths (ports) are commonly placed in the right anterior chest wall, leaving a visible scar when removed. The psychological impact of port scars on survivors is unknown. It is unclear whether alternative sites should be considered.

Data governance functions to support responsible data stewardship in pediatric radiology research studies using artificial intelligence.

The integration of human and machine intelligence promises to profoundly change the practice of medicine. The rapidly increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) solutions highlights its potential to streamline physician work and optimize clinical decision-making, also in the field of pediatric radiology. Large imaging databases are necessary for training, validating and testing these algorithms.