The safety and efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA injections for children and adolescents with chronic migraine: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To qualitatively and quantitatively summarize the evidence for the use of onabotulinumtoxinA injections in children and adolescents with migraine.

Background: There are limited evidence-based treatment options for youth with migraine, especially youth with chronic migraine (CM). OnabotulinumtoxinA injections are an established evidence-based treatment for adults with CM.

Perineurial Window is Critical for Experimental Reverse End-to-Side Nerve Transfer.

Background: The depth of connective tissue window in the side of a recipient nerve in reverse end-to-side transfers (RETS) remains controversial.

Objective: To test whether the depth of connective tissue disruption influences the efficiency of donor axonal regeneration in the context of RETS.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24) were assigned to 1 of the 3 groups for obturator nerve to motor femoral nerve RETS: group 1, without epineurium opening; group 2, with epineurium only opening; and group 3, with epineurium and perineurium opening.

"This shouldn't be our job to help you do this": exploring the responses of medical schools across Canada to address anti-Black racism in 2020.

Background: Protests against police brutality and anti-Black racism were catalyzed by the murder of George Floyd and other Black and racialized people in spring 2020. Addressing anti-Black racism had been historically minimized as an institutional priority across Canadian medical schools, but many swiftly released statements broadly condemning racism. Given that little has been documented about how institutions are responding with action, we sought to explore Black medical students' and senior faculty perspectives on Canadian medical schools' efforts to address anti-Black racism in 2020.