The usefulness of randomized trials of lifestyle interventions for overweight, obesity, or metabolic syndrome: A systematic review.

Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) widely considered the gold standard for evidence-based healthcare may be limited in their clinical usefulness in lifestyle interventions for adults with overweight, obesity, or metabolic syndrome.

Objective: In this systematic review of lifestyle intervention RCTs we delineated trial usefulness.

Methods: Following prospective registration in PROSPERO (CRD4202347896), we conducted a comprehensive search across Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases, covering the period from inception to December 2023.

Two-Year Changes in Physical Activity and Concurrent Changes in Cognitive Function in a Cohort of Adults with Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: It has been proposed that physical activity (PA) could prevent cognitive decline.

Objective: To evaluate the association between changes in PA and changes in cognitive function in a cohort of adults with metabolic syndrome.

Methods: Longitudinal observational study including 5,500 adults (mean age 65 years, SD = 5; women = 49.

Benefits of Participation in Clinical Trials: An Umbrella Review.

Participation in randomised clinical trials (RCTs) entails taking part in the discovery of effects of health care interventions. The question of whether participants' outcomes are different to those of non-participants remains controversial. This umbrella review was aimed at assessing whether there are health benefits of participation in RCTs, compared to non-participation.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of weight loss in control group participants of lifestyle randomized trials.

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of lifestyle modification have reported beneficial effects of interventions, compared to control. Whether participation in the control group has benefits is unknown. To determine whether control group participants experience weight loss during the course of RCTs.