Tumour necrosis factor α-308 G/a and -238 G/a polymorphisms as predicator of diabetic retinopathy in Egyptians.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a duration dependent serious micro vascular insult of diabetes mellitus. Inflammation has a critical role in the development of early and late stage of DR. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory cytokine that promoteup regulation of adhesion molecule expression, leukocyte recruitment and monocyte attraction.