Patient-related post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) risk factors between two groups of patients: Prophylactic pancreatic stent and rectal indomethacin.

Background: Pancreatitis is one of the most crucial complications following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The purpose of the current study was to investigate patient-related post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) risk factors in two groups of patients: prophylactic pancreatic stent and rectal indomethacin.

Methods: Two different prophylactic modalities were planned and complications were assessed based on the defined inclusion criteria.

Acute morphine administration, morphine dependence, and naloxone-induced withdrawal syndrome affect the resting-state functional connectivity and Local Field Potentials of the rat prefrontal cortex.

Opiates are among the widely abused substances worldwide. Also, the clinical use of opioids can cause unwanted and potentially severe consequences such as developing tolerance and dependence. This study simultaneously measured the changes induced after morphine dependence and naloxone-induced withdrawal syndrome on the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and Local Field Potential (LFP) power in the prefrontal cortex of the rat.

Role of hippocampal dopamine receptors in the antinociceptive responses induced by chemical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus in animal model of acute pain.

Dopamine is the predominant catecholamine neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain which has been shown to play a critical role in antinociceptive process. Previous studies have shown that the role of CA1 region of the hippocampus in antinociception induced by stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) through the dopaminergic system in tonic pain. In this study, we tried to assess the involvement of intra-hippocampal D1- and D2-like dopamine receptors in the LH stimulation-induced antinociception during the tail-flick test as an animal model of acute pain.

Bioburden and transmission of pathogenic bacteria through elevator channel during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: application of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for characterization of clonal strains.

Objectives: Endogenous and exogenous infection of the biliary tract could occur during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Methods: Bile samples of patients with hepatobiliary diseases, and swab samples of elevator channel samples of duodenoscope and washing instruments were prepared simultaneously and cultured aerobically and anaerobically. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the most common characterized bacterial species was tested, and their genetic relatedness was analyzed by multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats method.

Spinal Orexin-2 Receptors are Involved in Modulation of the Lateral Hypothalamic Stimulation-Induced Analgesia.

Role of the orexinergic system in pain modulation is well studied and involvement of the spinal orexin-1 receptors is well documented. In this study, we examined role of the spinal orexin-2 receptors in modulation of inflammatory pain in rat. Fifty-one adult male Wistar rats were implanted unilaterally with a guide cannula into the LH and intrathecal tubing in the lumbar space between L4 and L5.

Lack of Association between Interleukin 23R (IL-23R) rs10889677 Polymorphism and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Susceptibility In an Iranian Population.

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), which include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are inflammatory disorders that affect the gastrointestinal tract. A combination of inflammatory cytokines has an important role in IBD development. Genome-wide association studies have shown that polymorphisms in the interleukin-23R gene () increase susceptibility to IBD.

Single-cell responses to three-dimensional structure in a functionally defined patch in macaque area TEO.

Both dorsal and ventral visual pathways harbor several areas sensitive to gradients of binocular disparity (i.e., higher-order disparity).

The frequency of bacterial contamination and diversity of drug resistance patterns in devices and staff of endoscopy and colonoscopy units.

This study aimed at analyzing microbial contamination in medical equipment, environment, and staff of a gastroenterology unit. Samples of gastrointestinal imaging devices, the environment, and staff were collected using standard swab-rinse technique and biochemical or molecular characteristics of the isolates, their susceptibility to antibiotics, and similarity of the resistance patterns were investigated. Out of 107 samples, bacterial contamination was detected in the hands of staff (54.

Epinephrine in the Prevention of Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis: A Preliminary Study.

Background: Acute pancreatitis is the most common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) ranges between 15 and 20% among patients at high risk of developing PEP. The efficacy of indomethacin administration in the prevention of PEP is rather debatable.

Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome Associated with Metastatic Colon Cancer.

Cronkhite-Canada syndrome is characterized by gastrointestinal and ectodermal manifestations. In this paper, we describe a 64-year-old Iranian male, presenting with Cronkhite-Canada syndrome with metastatic colon cancer. The patient was suffering from hair loss, which occurred on the scalp at first and then, during 5 months, extended to the whole body.

Cholangitis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis.

Cholangitis is a serious life-threatening situation affecting the hepatobiliary system. This review provides an update regarding the clinical and pathological features of various forms of cholangitis. A comprehensive search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge databases.

Caudal Intraparietal Sulcus and three-dimensional vision: A combined functional magnetic resonance imaging and single-cell study.

The cortical network processing three-dimensional (3D) object structure defined by binocular disparity spans both the ventral and dorsal visual streams. However, very little is known about the neural representation of 3D structure at intermediate levels of the visual hierarchy. Here, we investigated the neural selectivity for 3D surfaces in the macaque Posterior Intraparietal area (PIP) in the medial bank of the caudal intraparietal sulcus (IPS).

Blockade of the orexin receptors in the CA1 region of hippocampus decreased the lateral hypothalamic-induced antinociceptive responses in the model of orofacial formalin test in the rats.

The role of hippocampus and lateral hypothalamus (LH) in modulation of formalin-induced nociception has been established. The present study aims to examine the role of orexin receptors in the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) region of hippocampus in modulation of the LH-induced antinociception in the orofacial formalin test. Male Wistar rats were unilaterally implanted with two cannulae into the LH and CA1.

Primary pancreatic lymphoma: what we need to know.

Hodgkin's lymphoma is a group of malignant lymphoid which involve various organs including gastrointestinal tract. Stomach and small intestine are commonly involved more; however, pancreas can be primarily involved as well. The secondary involvement of pancreas caused by Hodgkin's lymphoma is more prevalent than the primarily involvement (1 .

Occult Hepatitis C Infection Among Hemodialysis Patients: A Prevalence Study.

Introduction And Aim: Occult hepatitis C infection (OHCI) is the presence of HCV-RNA in the liver or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) accompanying with negative serologic results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of OHCI among Iranian chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Material And Methods: In this cross sectional study 200 chronic HD patients with negative HCV antibody enrolled the study.

Pancreatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Pancreatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare event. Here, we present a 56-year-old man with pancreatic SCC. Imaging methods demonstrated a hypodense mass at the head and trunk of the pancreas.

TGF-β1 polymorphisms -509 C>T and +915 G>C and risk of pancreatic cancer.

Background: Ninety percent of pancreatic cancer patients have less than 5-year overall survival and approximately 50% of cases were diagnosed with metastasis in the time of admission. Previous evidences have demonstrated the strong association between TGF-β1 variations and cancer susceptibility so far.

Methods: A total of 78 patients with pancreatic cancer and 94 healthy controls were enrolled in this case- control study between 2007 and 2012.

A Man with Pancreatic Head Mass Lesion on Endoscopic Ultrasound and Granuloma on Cytopathology.

Primary pancreatic lymphoma is an unlikely malignancy accounting for less than 0.5% of pancreatic tumors. Clinical presentation is often nonspecific and may be clinically misdiagnosed as pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

ATP binding cassette and cholecystokinin A receptor genetic variations in gallstone susceptibility.

Aim: It was aimed to assess the association of four polymorphisms and relative haplotypes in the ATP binding cassettes and cholecystokinin A receptor (rs6720173, rs11887534, rs4148217, rs1800857) with the risk of gallstone.

Background: Gallstone is a multifactorial disease. Besides high penetrance genes, low or moderate penetrance polymorphisms may increase susceptibility to gallstone.

Diagnosis of Malignant Biliary Strictures: Conventional or Negative Pressure Brush Cytology?

Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a comparative evaluation of the yields of conventional brush cytology and brush cytology with negative pressure in the diagnosis of malignant biliary strictures. Methods: A total of 132 consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic were identified. Of these, 88.

Comparison of rectal indomethacin, diclofenac, and naproxen for the prevention of post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis.

Background And Aim: NSAIDs are commonly utilized for the prevention of post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP). However, not much is known about the most effective drug in preventing this complication. This study aims to clarify which drug (indomethacin, diclofenac, or naproxen) is most effective for the prevention of post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Comparing the Roles of EUS, ERCP and MRCP in Idiopathic Acute Recurrent Pancreatitis.

Acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) is defined as more than two attacks of acute pancreatitis with complete or almost complete resolution of symptoms and signs of pancreatitis between episodes. The initial evaluation fails to detect the cause of ARP in 10%-30% of patients, whose condition is classified as idiopathic ARP. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has gained increasing attention as a useful imaging modality for the pancreas and the extrahepatic biliary tree.

Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease among patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis in Iran.

Background And Study Aims: In Iran, the epidemiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and its association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have not been studied thoroughly. This study investigates the epidemiology and prevalence of IBD among patients with PSC.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study of 154 patients with PSC was conducted.

Diagnostic potency of EUS-guided FNA for the evaluation of pancreatic mass lesions.

Background And Objectives: Diagnosis of pancreatic lesions remains a clinical challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in pancreatic mass lesions.

Patients And Methods: Clinical data, laboratory tests, and cytopathological and imaging reports were collected from 185 pancreatic EUS cases performed from March 2010 to January 2014.

Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

Context: Liver damage is relatively common in patients affected by HL, but paraneoplastic cholestasis is an uncommon presenting symptom in HL.

Case Report: We report the case of a 38-year-old man who came to our hospital with jaundice, pruritis, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and recurrent episodes of fever without any hepatosplenomegaly or lymphadenopathy. Laboratory findings showed abnormal liver functioning with mixed hepatocellular and cholestatic patterns.