An Ethical Perspective on the Democratization of Mental Health With Generative AI.

Knowledge has become more open and accessible to a large audience with the "democratization of information" facilitated by technology. This paper provides a sociohistorical perspective for the theme issue "Responsible Design, Integration, and Use of Generative AI in Mental Health." It evaluates ethical considerations in using generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) for the democratization of mental health knowledge and practice.

No evidence for unconscious initiation and following of arithmetic rules: A replication study.

The field of consciousness studies has yielded various-sometimes contradicting-accounts regarding the function of consciousness, ranging from denying it has such function to claiming that any high-level cognitive function requires consciousness. Empirical findings supporting both accounts were reported, yet some of them have been recently revisited based on failures to replicate. Here, we aimed at replicating a remarkable finding reported by Ric and Muller (2012); participants were able to follow an unseen instruction, integrate it with a subsequently presented pair of unseen digits, and accordingly either add the digits (resulting in a priming effect), or simply represent them.

The reach of reactivation: Effects of consciously triggered versus unconsciously triggered reactivation of associative memory.

Consolidating memories for long-term storage depends on reactivation. Reactivation occurs both consciously, during wakefulness, and unconsciously, during wakefulness and sleep. While considerable work has examined conscious awake and unconscious sleep reactivation, in this study, we directly compare the consequences of conscious and unconscious reactivation during wakefulness.

Awareness is needed for contextual effects in ambiguous object recognition.

Despite its centrality to human experience, the functional role of conscious awareness is not yet known. One hypothesis suggests that consciousness is necessary for allowing high-level information to refine low-level processing in a "top-down" manner. To test this hypothesis, in this work we examined whether consciousness is needed for integrating contextual information with sensory information during visual object recognition, a case of top-down processing that is automatic and ubiquitous to our daily visual experience.

The reach of reactivation: Effects of consciously-triggered versus unconsciously-triggered reactivation of associative memory.

Newly formed memories are not passively stored for future retrieval; rather, they are reactivated offline and thereby strengthened and transformed. However, reactivation is not a uniform process: it occurs throughout different states of consciousness, including conscious rehearsal during wakefulness and unconscious processing during both wakefulness and sleep. In this study, we explore the consequences of reactivation during conscious and unconscious awake states.

Digital Community Inclusion of Individuals With Serious Mental Illness: A National Survey to Map Digital Technology Use and Community Participation Patterns in the Digital Era.

Background: Despite the growing interest in developing and using mobile health (mHealth) and digital technologies in mental health, little is known about the scope and nature of virtual community inclusion.

Objective: The overarching goal of this study was to understand and conceptualize virtual community inclusion of individuals with serious mental illness (SMI). Specific objectives of this study were as follows: (1) mapping the prevalence, trends, and experiences related to mHealth and digital technology use among individuals with SMI; (2) comparing patterns of technology use by individuals with and those without SMI; and (3) examining whether use of mHealth and digital technologies predicts recovery among individuals with SMI.

Oculomotor anticipation reveals a multitude of learning processes underlying the serial reaction time task.

Sequence learning is the cognitive faculty enabling everyday skill acquisition. In the lab, it is typically measured in speed of response to sequential stimuli, whereby faster responses are taken to indicate improved anticipation. However, response speed is an indirect measure of anticipation, that can provide only limited information on underlying processes.

How sequence learning unfolds: Insights from anticipatory eye movements.

The acquisition of sequential knowledge is pivotal in forming skilled behavior. Despite extensive research of sequence learning, much remains unknown regarding what knowledge participants learn in such studies, and how that knowledge takes form over time. By tracking eye-movements made before stimuli appear on screen during a serial reaction time (SRT) task, we devised a method for assessing learning at the individual participant level in an item-based resolution.

[Acute Effects on TH4 Thoracic Spine Mobilisation Techniques on the Sympathetic Nervous System - a Cross-Over Feasibility Study].

Acute Effects on TH4 Thoracic Spine Mobilisation Techniques on the Sympathetic Nervous System - a Cross-Over Feasibility Study Abstract. Up to date, empiric evidence about effects of thoracic spine mobilisation (TH4) on the sympathetic nervous system is lacking. The primary goal of this feasibility study was to determine adherence rate, side effects and the protocol as well as the implementation of the study design.

The digital mental health revolution: Opportunities and risks.

This editorial introduces the special issue on digital mental health. The promise of digital, mobile, and connected technologies to advance mental health, and especially psychiatric rehabilitation, continues to rapidly evolve. New sensors and data, such as those derived from increasingly ubiquitous smartphones, offer a new window into the functional, social, and emotional experiences of illness and recovery at a personalized and quantified level previously unimaginable (Ben-Zeev & Badiyani, 2016; Free et al.

Effectiveness of conservative interventions including exercise, manual therapy and medical management in adults with shoulder impingement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of conservative interventions for pain, function and range of motion in adults with shoulder impingement.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.

Data Sources: Medline, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase and PEDro were searched from inception to January 2017.

A New Solid Solution Approach for the Study of Self-Irradiating Damage in non-Radioactive Materials.

A new method to produce a model system for the study of radiation damage in non-radioactive materials is presented. The method is based on homogenously dissolving minute amounts of Th ions in thin films in a controllable manner using a small volume chemical bath deposition technique. This approach is demonstrated for PbS films.

High-heeled walking decreases lumbar lordosis.

An estimated 78% of women regularly walk in high heels. However, up to 58% complain about low back pain, which is commonly thought to be caused by increased lumbar lordosis. However, the extent to which a subject's posture is modified by high-heeled shoes during dynamic activities remains unknown.

Walking with a four wheeled walker (rollator) significantly reduces EMG lower-limb muscle activity in healthy subjects.

Objective: To investigate the immediate effect of four-wheeled- walker(rollator)walking on lower-limb muscle activity and trunk-sway in healthy subjects.

Methods: In this cross-sectional design electromyographic (EMG) data was collected in six lower-limb muscle groups and trunk-sway was measured as peak-to-peak angular displacement of the centre-of-mass (level L2/3) in the sagittal and frontal-planes using the SwayStar balance system. 19 subjects walked at self-selected speed firstly without a rollator then in randomised order 1.

Physiotherapy Research Priorities in Switzerland: Views of the Various Stakeholders.

Background And Purpose: Research priorities, defined by multiple stakeholders, can proximally facilitate the coordination of research projects and national and international cooperation and distally further improve the quality of physiotherapy practice. The aim of this study was therefore to establish physiotherapy research priorities in Switzerland considering multiple stakeholders' opinions.

Methods: A mixed methods design was chosen.

The proactive brain and the fate of dead hypotheses.

A substantial portion of information flow in the brain is directed top-down, from high processing areas downwards. Signals of this sort are regarded as conveying prior expectations, biasing the processing and eventual perception of incoming stimuli. In this perspective we describe a framework of top-down processing in the visual system in which predictions on the identity of objects in sight aid in their recognition.

Biologically inspired load balancing mechanism in neocortical competitive learning.

A unique delayed self-inhibitory pathway mediated by layer 5 Martinotti Cells was studied in a biologically inspired neural network simulation. Inclusion of this pathway along with layer 5 basket cell lateral inhibition caused balanced competitive learning, which led to the formation of neuronal clusters as were indeed reported in the same region. Martinotti pathway proves to act as a learning "conscience," causing overly successful regions in the network to restrict themselves and let others fire.

How do patients, politicians, physiotherapists and other health professionals view physiotherapy research in Switzerland? A qualitative study.

Background: Since 2002, the professional education for Swiss physiotherapists has been upgraded to a tertiary educational level. With this change, the need for research related to professional practice has become more salient. The elaboration of research priorities is seen as a possible way to determine the profession's needs, to help coordinate research collaborations and to address expectations regarding physiotherapy.

Early consumption of peanuts in infancy is associated with a low prevalence of peanut allergy.

Background: Despite guidelines recommending avoidance of peanuts during infancy in the United Kingdom (UK), Australia, and, until recently, North America, peanut allergy (PA) continues to increase in these countries.

Objective: We sought to determine the prevalence of PA among Israeli and UK Jewish children and evaluate the relationship of PA to infant and maternal peanut consumption.

Methods: A clinically validated questionnaire determined the prevalence of PA among Jewish schoolchildren (5171 in the UK and 5615 in Israel).

Mental illness stigma in the Israeli context: deliberations and suggestions.

Background: In this paper we deliberate mental illness stigma in the Israeli context and suggest ways to reduce it, emphasizing the community's role in the rehabilitation of persons with mental illness.

Material: A literature review of Israeli and international literature of mental illness stigma.

Discussion: Community mental health, in addition to its traditional focus on developing community-based services, should focus also on community-based interventions such as the delivery of anti-stigma interventions.

Fabrication and characterization of three-dimensional copper metallodielectric photonic crystals.

Three-dimensional metallodielectric photonic crystals were created by fabricating a micron-scale polymeric template using multiphoton direct laser writing (DLW) in SU-8 and conformally and selectively coating the template with copper (Cu) via nanoparticle-nucleated electroless metallization. This process deposits a uniform metal coating, even deep within a lattice, because it is not directional like sputter-coating or evaporative deposition. Infrared reflectance spectra show that upon metallization the optical behavior transitions fully from a dielectric photonic crystal to that of a metal photonic crystal (MPC).

Rigorous electromagnetic analysis of volumetrically complex media using the slice absorption method.

There is tremendous demand for numerical methods to perform rigorous analysis of devices that are both large scale and complex throughout their volume. This can arise when devices must be considered with realistic geometry or when they contain artificial materials such as photonic crystals, left-handed materials, nanoparticles, or other metamaterials. The slice absorption method (SAM) was developed to address this need.