Discovery, validation, and diagnostic ability of multiple protein-based biomarkers in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid to distinguish between health and periodontal diseases.

Aim: To discover and validate differential protein biomarker expression in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) to discriminate objectively between periodontal health and plaque-induced periodontal disease states.

Materials And Methods: One-hundred and ninety participants were recruited from two centres (Birmingham and Newcastle upon Tyne, UK) comprising healthy, gingivitis, periodontitis, and edentulous donors. Samples from the Birmingham cohort were analysed by quantitative mass spectrometry proteomics for biomarker discovery.

Fluid-driven interfacial instabilities and turbulence in bacterial biofilms.

Biofilms are thin layers of bacteria embedded within a slime matrix that live on surfaces. They are ubiquitous in nature and responsible for many medical and dental infections, industrial fouling and are also evident in ancient fossils. A biofilm structure is shaped by growth, detachment and response to mechanical forces acting on them.

Hydration contributions to association in polyelectrolyte multilayers and complexes: visualizing hydrophobicity.

Thin films of polyelectrolyte complex were assembled using the multilayering method with direct, in situ observation of all multilayer components using attenuated total internal reflectance FTIR (ATR-FTIR). Buildup and ion doping of two representative combinations of positive and negative polyelectrolytes are controlled by salt type. The internal hydration of multilayers, measured precisely by ATR-FTIR, depends on the chemical identities of the polymers and the salt ions.