In Vitro Comparison of Local Nasal Vaccine Delivery and Correlation with Device Spray Performance.

Purpose: This study is the first vaccine candidate in vitro investigation with a focus on finding a correlation between the spray characteristics and the delivery efficiency of the local deposition in the nasal airways of infants under 24 months using various intranasal devices.

Methods: In vitro tests were developed to measure the spray characteristics of four intranasal delivery devices and how they regionally deliver a candidate vaccine formulation matrix in five nasal airway replicas (3 to 24 months). The correlation between the spray performance, geometric parameters, and delivery efficiency were assessed.

Anatomically realistic nasal replicas capturing the range of nasal spray drug delivery in adults.

To improve the relationships between commonly conducted in vitro studies for locally-acting nasal spray drug products with in vivo regional deposition, this study developed a set of in vitro adult nasal geometries that captured the range of nasal drug delivery to the region posterior to internal nasal valve (INV), also known as posterior delivery (PD), and evaluated their performance with existing in vivo data. The PD of fluticasone propionate (FP) and fluticasone furoate (FF) in 40 nasal cavities was statistically analyzed to identify three airway models representing the low, mean, and high PD in adults. The models were also externally validated by comparing the in vitro nasal deposition from a different drug product (mometasone furoate (MF)) with the relevant in vivo data.

Impact Dynamics and Freezing Behavior of Surfactant-Laden Droplets on Non-Wettable Coatings at Subzero Temperatures.

The present study investigates the impact and freezing behavior of the droplets of surfactant solutions on non-wettable coatings at very low temperatures of -10 to -30 °C. Our goal is to elucidate the critical role of concentration, molecular weight, and ionic nature of surfactants on these phenomena. To achieve this goal, we used sodium dodecyl sulfate (anionic), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (cationic), and -decanoyl--methylglucamine (nonionic) at four concentrations ranging from 0 to 2 × CMC (critical micelle concentration).

Further Step toward a Comprehensive Understanding of the Effect of Surfactant Additions on Altering the Impact Dynamics of Water Droplets.

The addition of surfactants to pure water for specific applications has made controlling the impact dynamics of surfactant-laden droplets a complex phenomenon. This work investigates the influence of the molecular weight (MW), concentration, and ionic nature of the surfactants as well as the substrate surface characteristics on the impact dynamics of surfactant-laden droplets using a high-speed camera at 10 000 frames per second. Sodium dodecyl sulfate, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and -decanoyl--methylglucamine were used as anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants, respectively.

In vitro evaluation of regional nasal drug delivery using multiple anatomical nasal replicas of adult human subjects and two nasal sprays.

Quantifying drug delivery to the site of action using locally-acting nasal suspension sprays is a challenging but important step toward understanding bioequivalence (BE) between test and reference products. The main objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro deposition pattern of two common but different locally-acting nasal suspension sprays using multiple nasal cavities. Twenty anatomically accurate nasal replicas were developed from high-resolution sinonasal computed tomography scans of adults with healthy nasal airways.

A facile, fast, and low-cost method for fabrication of micro/nano-textured superhydrophobic surfaces.

Hypothesis: Alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) is frequently used in paper industry as an inexpensive sizing agent. The formation of a porous structure after curing the solidified AKD for an extra-long time (4-6 days) results in superhydrophobicity. In this study, a facile and low-cost method was utilized to turn the surface of AKD superhydrophobic in a very short period of time.