Demographic and biological factors in interrelationships between physical, cognitive, psychological, and social frailty in community-dwelling older adults: Data from the Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study (BLAS).

Complex interrelationships may exist among different types of frailty. This study aimed to evaluate the demographic and biological factors that influence the different types of frailty in community-dwelling older adults in Iran through a cross-sectional analysis of data obtained from the Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study. This study is an ongoing cohort study of people aged 60 years and over and employed a multistage stratified cluster random sampling.

A systematic study of nano-based fibrous systems: Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for dementia control.

Nano-based systems provide many advantages, including eluding gastrointestinal and first-pass metabolism of the drug and improving the potential advantage of reduced doses of drugs for an equal or better therapeutic effect compared to other parts of oral administration. Over the last few years, protein-based nanofibrous biomaterials have been used for better controlling dementia. PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science were consulted for available articles on nano-based fibrous systems for the treatment and diagnosis of dementia (up to October 2022).

Tryptophan and serotonin levels as potent biomarkers in diabetes mellitus complications: a new approach of diagnostic role.

Objective: Alterations in the serotonergic system were verified to act a role in the pathogenesis of altered neurological and psychiatric diseases. In recent years, Tryptophan (Trp) and serotonin (5-HT) levels have been considered potent biomarkers of diabetes mellitus (DM).

Method: The different Trp metabolism may also play roles in the pathogenesis of DM and mounting risk of complications.

Interactive relationship between Trp metabolites and gut microbiota: The impact on human pathology of disease.

Tryptophan (Trp), an α-amino acid, is the precursor of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), which is involved in a variety of features of metabolic function and human nutrition. Evidence highlights the role of Trp metabolites (exclusively 5-HT) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; however, the mechanisms of action involved in the release of 5-HT in the GI tract are still unknown. Considering the fact that variations of 5-HT may facilitate the growth of certain GI disorders, gaining a better understanding of the function and release of 5-HT in the GI tract would be beneficial.

Grant Report on d-Serine Augmentation of Neuroplasticity-Based Auditory Learning in Schizophrenia .

We report on the rationale and design of an ongoing NIMH sponsored R61-R33 project in schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder. This project studies augmenting the efficacy of auditory neuroplasticity cognitive remediation (AudRem) with d-serine, an -methyl-d-aspartate-type glutamate receptor (NMDAR) glycine-site agonist. We operationalize improved (smaller) thresholds in pitch (frequency) between successive auditory stimuli after AudRem as improved plasticity, and mismatch negativity (MMN) and auditory θ as measures of functional target engagement of both NMDAR agonism and plasticity.

Effects of sex, age, and apolipoprotein E genotype on hippocampal parenchymal fraction in cognitively normal older adults.

Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is important for timely interventions and developing new treatments. Hippocampus atrophy is an early biomarker of AD. The hippocampal parenchymal fraction (HPF) is a promising measure of hippocampal structural integrity computed from structural MRI.

New discoveries for an old drug: a review of recent olanzapine research.

: Based on a substantial literature, olanzapine appears to be one of the most efficacious antipsychotics marketed in the United States, with only clozapine clearly more advantageous. However, olanzapine is marred by an equally substantial literature demonstrating a metabolic burden of olanzapine, particularly for weight gain. With the publication of successful strategies to limit olanzapine induced weight gain, a reassessment of the clinical utility of olanzapine appears warranted.