Analysis and Characterization of the Immunogenicity of Rhoptry Protein 18.

Rhoptry protein 18 (ROP18) is a key virulence factor secreted into host cells during the invasion of () and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of infection. Due to its potential as a vaccine candidate, this study aimed to characterize several properties of the ROP18 (TgROP18) protein to support its inclusion in vaccine formulations. Using a range of bioinformatics tools, we investigated its T-cell and B-cell epitopes, physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, transmembrane domains, and tertiary and secondary structures.

Immunogenicity of an in-silico designed multi-epitope DNA vaccine encoding ROP21 and ROP29 of Toxoplasma gondii against both acute and chronic toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice.

Background: Toxoplasma infections are highly prevalent worldwide and can cause serious complications in immunocompromised individuals and lead to congenital infections in neonates. Despite ongoing efforts to develop T. gondii vaccines, none have been developed.

In Silico Analysis of the ROP29 Protein as a Vaccine Candidate Against .

The progression of () invasion is aided by rhoptry proteins (ROPs), which are also crucial for the parasite's survival in host cells. In this study, in silico analysis was performed to examine the various aspects of the ROP29 protein, such as physicochemical properties, potential T- and B-cell epitopes, and other significant features. The research revealed that there were 55 possible sites for posttranslational modification in the ROP29 protein.

Prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites among Asian schoolchildren: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Intestinal protozoan parasites among Asian schoolchildren are a subject of concern due to their prevalence and potential health impact. Understanding and addressing this issue is crucial for public health in the region.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search for articles published up to December 2023 across four databases, including Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science.

Global prevalence of in birds: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Among the potential animal reservoirs of the zoonotic parasite , birds have received relatively little attention. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the global status and to provide an overview of the epidemiology of infection in birds. The standard protocol of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.

In Vitro Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles via Thymus Vulgaris Extract against .

Background: We aimed to assess the in vitro effects of the green synthesized silver nanoparticles via thyme against infection.

Methods: We have prepared silver nanoparticles (TSNPs) by adding extract to the silver nitrate aqueous solution (0.2 mM), and evaluated their antileishmanial activity.

Immune system roles in pathogenesis, prognosis, control, and treatment of Toxoplasma gondii infection.

Toxoplasma gondii is the protozoan causative agent of toxoplasmosis in humans and warm-blooded animals. Recent studies have illustrated that the immune system plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis by triggering immune cytokines like IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ and immune cells like DCs, Th1, and Th17. On the other hand, some immune components can serve as prognosis markers of toxoplasmosis.

Thymoquinone Effect on Leishmania tropica/infantum and Leishmania-Infected Macrophages.

Introduction: Leishmania is a parasitic protozoan that tries to enter and amplify within macrophages. Macrophage cells are also immune defense cells that phagocyte many microbes like bacteria, fungi, as well as parasites like Leishmania spp. However, they are unable to kill this parasite that resides in the phagosomes of contaminated macrophages and multiplies in these macrophages, leading to the destruction of contaminated macrophages and the emerging of Leishmania wounds.

Investigation of antileishmanial activities of CaO nanoparticles on and parasites, in vitro.

Stibogluconate sodium and meglumine antimoniate are the main antimonials utilised as the primary treatment option for leishmaniasis. However, have a number of side effects that limit their use. Development of nanoparticles (NPs) use in biological research and remarkable antimicrobial effects and unique optical and structural properties of CaO NPs have motivated this study to evaluated the effect of different times/dilutions of CaO NPs on and .

In vitro and in vivo study on antiprotozoal activity of calcium oxide (CaO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles on promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania major.

Background: Currently, anti-leishmanial drugs have been developed. However, the available compounds have several side effects such as drug resistance and toxicity that cause some limitation for use. The development of nanoparticles (NPs) use in biological research and the proven effectiveness of CaONPs and MgONPs on bacteria and fungi, along with the lack of information about its antileishmanial effects, have motivated this study.

Global prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. in rodents, birds, and water supplies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Animals such as rodents and birds may play a key role in the distribution of Blastocystis sp., either as introducers of the parasite into the water or as receptors of an infection already established in the water. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence and subtype distributions of Blastocystis sp.

Global prevalence of Trichinella in pigs: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Investigating the global epidemiological patterns of Trichinella in pigs is required for accurate recognition and to establishing proper control programmes and preventive measures, as well as to decrease human exposure.

Objectives: To obtain a better understanding of the global prevalence of Trichinella in domestic pigs and factors that might influence the prevalence, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed.

Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed.

The global prevalence of Spirometra parasites in snakes, frogs, dogs, and cats: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Spirometra infection is aneglected food- and waterborne disease with worldwide distribution.

Objectives: The present study aims to estimate the global prevalence of Spirometra species in snakes, frogs, dogs and cats.

Methods: Multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant literatures published up to March 2022.

Efficacy of green synthesized silver nanoparticles via ginger rhizome extract against Leishmania major in vitro.

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem that causes by parasite of the genus Leishmania. The pentavalent antimonial compounds that used for treatment are not safe or effective enough. The aim of the present study was preparation and evaluation of the efficacy of green synthesized silver nanoparticles against Leishmania major (L.

Synthesis of Tellurium Oxide (TeO) Nanorods and Nanoflakes and Evaluation of Its Efficacy Against Leishmania major In Vitro and In Vivo.

Purpose: Today, the use of natural products and nanostructures has increased. Given the reports on beneficial effects of various organotellurane compounds on types of visceral leishmaniasis, we decided to investigate the effect of TeO NPs on Leishmania major (L. major).

In-vitro and in-vivo comparative effects of the spring and autumn-harvested Artemisia aucheri Bioss extracts on Leishmania major.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Artemisia aucheri Bioss contains flavonoid, coumarin and santonin with antioxidant, antimicrobial and antileishmanial effects. The current study was aimed to comparatively evaluate the effects of spring and autumn extracts of A. aucheri Bioss on Leishmania major both in-vitro and in-vivo conditions.