The Downside of Botulinum Injections for Anterocollis: A Case Series and a Review of the Literature.

Objectives: This is a case series and a review of the literature of therapeutic outcomes of botulinum toxin (BT) injections for anterocollis.

Methods: Data collected included gender, age, age at onset, muscles targeted, and doses injected. Routine forms were filled out during each visit: Patient Global Impression of Change, Clinician Global Impression of Severity, Tsui scale.

Therapeutic Approach to Botulinum Injections for Hemifacial Spasm, Synkinesis and Blepharospasm.

The aim of this study was to show our therapeutic outcome of botulinum injection to the facial muscles and thereby to find the best therapeutic concept which should be embraced. The decision to treat the lower eyelid with 1-point or 2-points injection was randomly taken as there is no consensus regarding this debate. Injections of the lateral end of the upper eyelid were performed more laterally to the conventional injection point, just lateral to the conjunction of the upper and lower eyelids.