Evaluating the performance of Generative Pre-trained Transformer-4 (GPT-4) in standardizing radiology reports.

Objective: Radiology reporting is an essential component of clinical diagnosis and decision-making. With the advent of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) models like GPT-4 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4), there is growing interest in evaluating their potential for optimizing or generating radiology reports. This study aimed to compare the quality and content of radiologist-generated and GPT-4 AI-generated radiology reports.

CT radiomics for differentiating fat poor angiomyolipoma from clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Differentiation of fat-poor angiomyolipoma (fp-AMLs) from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is often not possible from just visual interpretation of conventional cross-sectional imaging, typically requiring biopsy or surgery for diagnostic confirmation. However, radiomics has the potential to characterize renal masses without the need for invasive procedures. Here, we conducted a systematic review on the accuracy of CT radiomics in distinguishing fp-AMLs from RCCs.

Ultra-Small Lung Cysts Impair Diffusion Without Obstructing Air Flow in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

Background: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare lung disease found primarily in women of childbearing age, characterized by the formation of air-filled cysts, which may be associated with reductions in lung function. An experimental, regional ultra-high resolution CT scan identified an additional volume of cysts relative to standard chest CT imaging, which consisted primarily of ultra-small cysts.

Research Question: What is the impact of these ultra-small cysts on the pulmonary function of patients with LAM?

Study Design And Methods: A group of 103 patients with LAM received pulmonary function tests and a CT examination in the same visit.

Removal of Hg by carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched poly(amidoamine) dendrimers grafted superparamagnetic nanoparticles as an efficient adsorbent.

In this research, carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched poly(amidoamine) dendrimers grafted superparamagnetic nanoparticles (CT-HPMNPs) with core-shell structure were synthesized by the chemical co-precipitation method, the core of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and a shell of polyamidoamines (PAMAM) and carboxyl groups, as a novel adsorbent for removing Hg from aqueous systems. The surface of the particles was modified by 3-(aminopropyl) triethoxysilane, and finally, PAMAM and carboxyl dendrimers were grown on the surface up to 5.5 generation.

Clinical CT underestimation of the percentage volume occupied by cysts in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of cyst score measurements by standard high-resolution helical volume chest CT (HRCT) in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), using a short z-length ultra-high resolution re-scan (UH re-scan) as the reference. In cystic lung diseases, cyst score is derived from CT scans and defined as the percentage of the total lung parenchymal volume occupied by cysts, a biomarker which measures the severity of the disease.

Methods: In a prospective study of 73 LAM patients, each patient received the standard HRCT chest scan and a short z-length UH re-scan.

Application of ZnO-Ag-Nd nanocomposite as a new synthesized nanophotocatalyst for the degradation of organic compounds: kinetic, thermodynamic and economic study.

In the present research, a zinc oxide (ZnO)-silver (Ag)-neodymium (Nd) nanocomposite was synthesized via the combustion method for the degradation of dyes as organic pollutants. The synthesized nanophotocatalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The process of organic pollutant (Acid Red 18) removal was carried out in a semi-batch photoreactor equipped with an ultraviolet lamp.

Preparation of functionalized graphene oxide and its application as a nanoadsorbent for Hg(2+) removal from aqueous solution.

A poly(allyl acetoacetate)-grafted graphene oxide (GO-GAA) was successfully synthesized using Hummer's method by divinyl sulfone modification and allyl acetoacetate polymerizaton. This novel functionalized graphene oxide was characterized thoroughly by FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, and TG-DT analyses. GO-GAA was then employed as an adsorbent for Hg(2+) removal from aqueous solutions.

Management of biventricular assist device implantation in patients with necrotic pancreatitis.

This report describes the management of biventricular assist device (BIVAD) implantation in a patient with necrotic pancreatitis. BIVADs provide mechanical support for ventricular ejection in the failing heart and have become an accepted treatment for end-stage heart failure. They also have proved to be a successful bridge to heart transplantation.

Mucociliary and cough clearance as a biomarker for therapeutic development.

A workshop/symposium on “Mucociliary and Cough Clearance (MCC/CC) as a Biomarker for Therapeutic Development” was held on October 21–22, 2008, in Research Triangle Park, NC, to discuss the methods for measurement of MCC/CC and how they may be optimized for assessing new therapies designed to improve clearance of airway secretions from the lungs. The utility of MCC/CC as a biomarker for disease progression and therapeutic intervention is gaining increased recognition as a valuable tool in the clinical research community. A number of investigators currently active in using MCC/CC for diagnostic or therapeutic evaluation presented details of their methodologies.

Deposition-dependent normal ranges for radioaerosol assessment of lung mucus clearance.

Deposition distribution variability strongly influences data from radioaerosol mucus clearance measurements. We investigated how one clearance measurement-the area under the 0-6 h tracheobronchial retention curve (AUC)-relates to three different indices characterizing initial particle distribution. These indices were a conventional penetration index (PI), retention at 24 h (R(24)) and an Airways Penetration Index (API).

The effect of inhaled tiotropium bromide on lung mucociliary clearance in patients with COPD.

Study Objective: To assess the effects of tiotropium on lung mucociliary clearance in COPD.

Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study.

Setting: Outpatients of an urban-area university teaching hospital.

Effect of aromatics on lung mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic airways obstruction.

Background: Complementary and alternative medicine have become an increasingly topical theme in respiratory medicine. Aromatics are a commonly used ingredient in a number of proprietary medicines. It is well established that lung mucus clearance is impaired in patients with chronic airways obstruction.