Exposure to High Dosage of Gold Nanoparticles Accelerates Growth Rate by Modulating Ribosomal Protein Expression.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been utilized in various biomedical applications including diagnostics and drug delivery. However, the cellular and metabolic responses of cells to these particles remain poorly characterized. In this study, we used bacteria ( and ) and a fungus () as model organisms to investigate the cellular and metabolic effects of exposure to different concentrations of citrate-capped spherical AuNPs with diameters of 5 and 10 nm.