Radiofrequency Ablation for Chronic Hip Pain: A Comprehensive, Narrative Review.

Chronic hip pain can be treated with physical therapy, oral medications, injections, and, definitively, total hip arthroplasty. Enough patients have contraindications to and refractory pain even after total hip arthroplasty, that there is a need to develop alternative managements for this disabling condition. This article examines the state of hip radiofrequency ablation literature including relevant anatomy, patient selection, and treatment outcomes.

Growth, Carcass Composition, Haematology and Immunity of Broilers Supplemented with Sumac Berries ( L.) and Thyme ().

Alternatives to antibiotics as growth promoters for broilers could reduce bacterial resistance to antibiotics, while at the same time maintaining growth and improving carcass composition. We investigated the benefits of adding the medicinal plants sumac and thyme at 1, 2 or 3% of the diet for male Ross broiler chicks, with four replicates of ten birds in each treatment group and a Control. Feed intake was reduced for chickens fed the sumac supplements, and, at the two higher doses, defeathered body weight was also reduced.

Accidental intracranial infusion of parenteral nutrition in a preterm neonate.

Vascular access in the neonate can be challenging, especially in preterm infants. When other access is not available, superficial scalp veins can be safely used for vascular access. However, rare and potentially catastrophic complications can occur due to unique features of the neonatal skull and soft-tissue anatomy.

Stand-alone minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion: multicenter clinical outcomes.

Stand-alone minimally invasive lateral transpsoas interbody fusion (MIS-LIF), without posterior instrumentation, is feasible because the technique does not necessitate the disruption of the stabilizing elements. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the efficacy and clinical outcomes of patients who underwent stand-alone lateral interbody fusion. A multicenter chart review was conducted to identify patients who underwent stand-alone MIS-LIF between 2008 and 2012.

Occipitocervical fusion via occipital condylar fixation: a clinical case series.

Study Design: Retrospective review/case series.

Objective: This study aims to present the clinical feasibility of condylar fixation in occipitocervical (OC) fusion. Here, we present the largest clinical series to date of patients who underwent OC fusion via cervicocondylar fixation using a polyaxial screw/rod construct.

Management of sagittal balance in adult spinal deformity with minimally invasive anterolateral lumbar interbody fusion: a preliminary radiographic study.

Object: Minimally invasive (MI) fusion and instrumentation techniques are playing a new role in the treatment of adult spinal deformity. The open pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) and Smith-Petersen osteotomy (SPO) are proven segmental methods for improving regional lordosis and global sagittal parameters. Recently the MI anterior column release (ACR) was introduced as a segmental method for treating sagittal imbalance.

Minimally invasive surgical techniques in adult degenerative spinal deformity: a systematic review.

Background: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approaches have the potential to reduce procedure-related morbidity when compared with traditional approaches. However, the magnitude of radiographic correction and degree of clinical improvement with MIS techniques for adult spinal deformity remain undefined.

Question/purposes: In this systematic review, we sought to determine whether MIS approaches to adult spinal deformity correction (1) improve pain and function; (2) reliably correct deformity and result in fusion; and (3) are safe with respect to surgical and medical complications.

Combined subgaleal/myocutaneous technique for temporalis muscle dissection.

Background The frontal branch of the facial nerve (FBFN) is the most susceptible neural structure to injury during frontotemporal craniotomies. The balance between adequate temporalis muscle mobilization and frontal branch protection with minimal anatomical alteration is the philosophy behind our approach to temporalis muscle dissection. Objective To describe a combined subgaleal/myocutaneous technique for dissection and mobilization of the temporalis muscle in anterolateral cranial approaches.

Minimally invasive lateral approach for adult degenerative scoliosis: lessons learned.

Object: Lateral minimally invasive thoracolumbar instrumentation techniques are playing an increasing role in the treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis. However, there is a paucity of data in determining the ideal candidate for a lateral versus a traditional approach, and versus a hybrid construct. The objective of this study is to present a method for utilizing the lateral minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approach for adult spinal deformity, provide clinical outcomes to validate our experience, and determine the limitations of lateral MIS for adult degenerative scoliosis correction.

Minimally invasive lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas interbody fusion for L4-5 spondylolisthesis: clinical outcomes.

Object: In this study the authors report on the clinical outcomes, safety, and efficacy of lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas minimally invasive surgery-lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-LIF) at the L4-5 disc space in patients with spondylolisthesis. This approach has become an increasingly popular means of fusion. Its most frequent complication is lumbar plexus injury.

Mini-open lateral retro-pleural thoracic corpectomy for osteomyelitis.

Thoracic vertebral body corpectomy with associated deformity and neural element compression can be challenging. Multiple approaches have been proposed including trans-pedicular, costotransversectomy and trans-thoracic. Approach related pitfalls, nuances, morbidity and complication profile differ with each technique.

Functional recovery of severe obturator and femoral nerve injuries after lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas surgery.

The minimally invasive lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas approach is a popular fusion technique. However, potential complications include injury to the lumbar plexus nerves, bowel, and vasculature, the most common of which are injuries to the lumbar plexus. The femoral nerve is particularly vulnerable because of its size and location; injury to the femoral nerve has significant clinical implications because of its extensive sensory and motor innervation of the lower extremities.

Early outcomes of minimally invasive anterior longitudinal ligament release for correction of sagittal imbalance in patients with adult spinal deformity.

The object of this study was to evaluate a novel surgical technique in the treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis and present our early experience with the minimally invasive lateral approach for anterior longitudinal ligament release to provide lumbar lordosis and examine its impact on sagittal balance. Methods. All patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) treated with the minimally invasive lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas interbody fusion (MIS LIF) for release of the anterior longitudinal ligament were examined.

Analysis of lumbar plexopathies and nerve injury after lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas approach: diagnostic standardization.

Object: The minimally invasive lateral transpsoas approach has become an increasingly popular means of fusion. The most frequent complication is related to lumbar plexus nerve injuries; these can be diagnosed based on distribution of neurological deficit following the motor and/or sensory nerve injury. However, the literature has failed to provide a clinically relevant description of these complications.

Pediatric microcystic meningioma: a clinical, histological, and radiographic case-based review.

Background: Microcystic meningioma (MM) is a World Health Organization grade I tumor that is rare in the pediatric population. Meningiomas account for approximately 2-4 % of all childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors compared to approximately 20 % of all adult CNS tumors. The authors present one of the few confirmed cases of microcystic meningioma in a child and discuss the characteristic radiographic appearance and histological findings.

Decompressive craniectomy with massive intractable intraoperative cerebral edema: utilization of silicone sheet for temporary scalp closure.

The authors present a case of extreme brain herniation encountered during decompressive craniectomy in a 21-month-old boy who suffered a trauma event that necessitated temporary scalp closure in which a sterile silicone sheet was placed. Although the clinical situation is usually expected to lead to brain death or severe disability, the patient's 3-year follow-up examination revealed a highly functional child with a good quality of life. The authors discuss the feasibility and advantages of temporary scalp expansion as a treatment option when extreme brain herniation is encountered during craniotomy.

The anatomical relationship of the diaphragm to the thoracolumbar junction during the minimally invasive lateral extracoelomic (retropleural/retroperitoneal) approach.

Object: The thoracolumbar junction (T11-L2) poses an anatomical dilemma, given the presence of the lower rib cage and the diaphragm when performing anterolateral approaches. To circumvent dealing with the diaphragm, a minimally invasive lateral extracoelomic approach has been used to approach the thoracolumbar junction by mobilizing the diaphragm anteriorly. No anatomical studies have described the attachments of the diaphragm and their surgical significance during the lateral approach to the thoracolumbar spine.

Long-term outcome of vagus nerve stimulation therapy after failed epilepsy surgery.

Objective: Adequate control of intractable epilepsy continues to be a challenge. Little is known about the role of VNS therapy in intractable epilepsy in patients who failed to respond to surgical management. The objective of the present study is to determine the efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation therapy in patients with intractable epilepsy who have failed surgical and medical therapy.

Vagus nerve stimulation.

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a key tool in the treatment of patients with medically refractory epilepsy. Although the mechanism of action of VNS remains poorly understood, this modality is now the most widely used nonpharmacological treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy. The goal of this work is to review the history of VNS and provide information on recent advances and applications of this technology.

Medieval neurosurgery: contributions from the Middle East, Spain, and Persia.

Modern neurological and spinal surgical techniques have been developed on the foundations established by predecessors. Modern 21st century neurosurgery begins in the Babylonian period, with the Edwin Smith papyrus. Throughout history, periods of enlightenment have resulted in advances in knowledge and understanding that have served as stepping stones for generations to come.

Developmentally-programmed FMRP expression in oligodendrocytes: a potential role of FMRP in regulating translation in oligodendroglia progenitors.

The fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is a selective RNA-binding protein whose function is implicated in regulating protein synthesis of its mRNA targets. The lack of FMRP leads to abnormal synapse development in the brain and impaired learning/memory. Although FMRP is predominantly expressed in neurons of the adult brain, whether FMRP also functions in glia during early development remains elusive, since expression of FMRP in glia has not been rigorously examined.

The quakingviable mutation affects qkI mRNA expression specifically in myelin-producing cells of the nervous system.

The genetic lesion in the quakingviable (qk(v)) mutant mice is a deletion 5' to the qkI gene, resulting in severe hypomyelination. qkI produces several QKI protein isoforms via alternative splicing of the C-terminal coding exons. In the qk(v)/qk(v) brain, immunostaining of QKI proteins is diminished in an isoform-differential manner with undefined mechanisms.