Temperature Dependence of the Kinetic Parameters of the Titanium-Magnesium Catalyzed Propylene Polymerization.

This paper provides a study of the liquid-phase polypropylene polymerization on a heterogeneous titanium-magnesium Ziegler-Natta-type catalyst. A kinetic model was developed that included the activation of potential active centers, chain growth, transferring the chains to hydrogen and monomer, and the deactivation of active centers. The model was created to predict the polymerization rate, polymer yield, and average molecular weights of polymer chains where the polymerization temperature changes from 40 to 90 °C.

Development of a Highly Efficient Environmentally Friendly Plasticizer.

The purpose of this work is the synthesis of adipic acid ester and the study of the possibility of its use as a PVC plasticizer. The resulting butyl phenoxyethyl adipate was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The compatibility, effectiveness and plasticizing effect of butyl phenoxyethyl adipate in comparison with dioctylphthalate (DOP) were determined.

Ecotoxicity of the Adipate Plasticizers: Influence of the Structure of the Alcohol Substituent.

A significant increase in the production of plastic materials and the expansion of their areas of application contributed to the accumulation of a large amount of waste of polymeric materials. Most of the polymer composition is made up of plasticizers. Phthalate plasticizers have been recognized as potentially hazardous to humans and the environment due to the long period of their biodegradation and the formation of persistent toxic metabolites.

Designing of Green Plasticizers and Assessment of the Effectiveness of Their Use.

The growing anthropogenic load on the lithosphere is currently characterized by the alienation of huge areas for solid domestic waste. One of the most common pollutants is traditional plastics with a degradation period of over 100 years. In connection with the increasing environmental requirements, polymer materials, along with a high set of technological and operational parameters, must be environmentally friendly and biodegradable.

Application of Zinc Oxide to Obtain and Modify Properties of Adipate Plasticizer of Polyvinyl Chloride.

Heterogeneous catalysts are widely used in basic research and in the petrochemical industry due to their effectiveness. In modern times, interest in this type of catalyst and, in particular, in mineral oxides is associated with the technological design of the process, namely: The absence of waste emissions, and the possibility of regeneration and reuse of the catalyst, which meets the criteria of green chemistry. For this reason, the preparation of non-toxic adipate plasticizers is expediently carried out under conditions of heterogeneous catalysis.

[Effect of age factor on the structure of the wall of the esophagus.].

The structure and cytoarchitecture of the structures of the wall of the esophagus was studied by histological and morphometric methods. We investigated the upper, middle and lower third of the esophagus in people 1 and 2 of the mature, elderly and senile age. It was established that in old age comes the destruction of the epithelial lining, the muscular propria of the mucous membrane.

[Morphology and cytoarchitectonics of the popliteal lymph node in people of senile age.].

Histological methods were used to study popliteal lymph nodes in 10 people in senile age (80-91 years). Deep destructive changes of the reticular stroma were noted. The content of cells in the node is sharply reduced.

[Structure and cytoarchitectonic of the lymphoid tissue of the Appendix of man in elderly and senile ages.].

In recent years in many countries with increasing duration of human life, there is an aging population. In this regard, studies of lymphoid tissue that provides immune processes in the human body, are of particular relevance. It was studied lymphoid tissue of the Appendix person aged 54-81 and 26-35 years with histological and statistical methods.

[Pulmonary manifestations in adult patients with a defect in humoral immunity].

Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are a group of congenital diseases of the immune system, which numbers more than 230 nosological entities associated with lost, decreased, or wrong function of its one or several components. Due to the common misconception that these are extremely rare diseases that occur only in children and lead to their death at an early age, PIDs are frequently ruled out by physicians of related specialties from the range of differential diagnosis. The most common forms of PIDs, such as humoral immunity defects, common variable immune deficiency, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, selective IgA deficiency, etc.

[REARRANGEMENT OF THE LYMPH TISSUE IN THE MICE SPLEEN AND JEJUNUM WALL DURING THE GROUND-BASED REPRODUCTION OF THE CONDITIONS OF ANIMAL MAINTENANCE IN THE BIOSATTELITE BION-M1 MISSION].

Purpose of the investigation was microscopic examination of changes in cyto architectonics of the spleen and jejunum lymph (immune) tissue in 19-20-week C57BL/6N male mice exposed to some conditions their counterparts had lived in during the 30-d Bion-M1 mission (ground experiment). Local deviations in reactions of the morphofunctional zones of these organs were found. In the spleen, reaction in the centers of lymph nodules generation or the B-lymphocytes maturation zone grows strong.

[Age-related peculiarities of mast cell distribution in human esophagus wall].

Mast cells (MCs) were studied quantitatively and qualitatively in the wall of the esophagus (upper, middle and lower portions) of the individuals in the I period of mature age (22-35 years, n = 6) as well as in old and senile persons (61-82 years, n = 10). In all the individuals, the total number of MCs was found to increase from the upper portion of the esophagus towards the lower one. Within the esophageal wall, the total number of MCs decreased in the direction from tunica mucosa towards adventitia.

[The structure of the esophageal glands proper in the individuals of elderly and senile age].

Esophageal submucosal glands (esophageal glands proper) were studied in 19 individuals of elderly and senile age (without subdivision according to gender), as well as in persons of I period of mature age (6 to 7 cases in each group). It was shown that the glandular acini contained thin, elongated cells and cuboidal cells between the mucocytes surrounded by the myoepithelial cells. Around the acini, the myofibroblasts were found.

[CELLULAR COMPOSITION OF THE LAMINA PROPRIA OF JEJUNAL MUCOUS MEMBRANE IN C57BL/6 MICE DURING THE RECOVERY PERIOD AFTER PROLONGED SPACE FLIGHT].

The jejunum of C57 BL/6 mice (n = 5) was examined 7 days after a 30-day-long space flight and in vivarium control animals (n = 6). The cellular composition of the lamina propria of the mucous membranes of the villi and crypt region was studied using histological and morphometric methods. It was found that on Day 7 the recovery of normal cellular composition of the lamina propria was incomplete.

[CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CELLULAR COMPOSITION OF THE MUCOSAL LAMINA PROPRIA OF THE JEJUNUM IN MICE SUBJECTED TO THE CONDITIONS SIMULATING LONG-DURATION SPACEFLIGHT].

The cellular composition of the lamina propria of the mucous membrane of the jejunum was examined in the villi (LPV) and between the crypts (LPC). Two groups of male C57/BL6 mice aged 4-5 months were studied. Experimental group of animals (n=8) for 30 days was living under the terrestrial conditions in "BIOS-SLA" blocks and received a paste-like food made with standard feed containing water and casein.

[Esophageal wall structure in people of elderly and senile age].

Using histological methods, the esophageal wall structure and the cytoarchitectonics of mucous membrane were studied in the individuals of elderly (n = 5) and senile (n = 10) age. The control group included the individuals of I (n = 3) and II (n = 3) periods of mature age. It was demonstrated that with advancing age in most cases the destructive processes took place in the epithelium (delamination of the layer, separation of large fragments, formation of microerosions etc.

[Structural organization of the duodenal wall and its lymphoid tissue in the persons of elderly age].

Structural organization of the duodenal wall was studied in older men (aged 70-75 years, n=15), and its lymphoid tissue was examined using the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Deformation, flattening and sparseness of the intestinal villi were identified. Atrophic phenomena in the organ mucous membrane were accompanied by the destruction of the cells of surface epithelium, crypts and glands.

[Morphological characteristic of the of the protective structures of the mucous membrane of some human organs].

Mucous membranes of human respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems of man were studied using histological methods in the autopsy material obtained from 60 persons of both sexes in the age range from the newborn period to the senescent age. It was shown that in addition to the interepithelial lymphocytes of the surface epithelium and lymphoid nodules, cells of the lymphoid series formed a continuous subepithelial layer (upper part of the esophagus, trachea), clusters of lymphocytes and plasma cells were found in the stroma of the tracheal glands, around excretory ducts (lymphocytic sheaths), lymphocytes were also observed in the intestinal crypts. The comparative characteristic of the structure of the mucous membranes of various organs is given.

[Morphological peculiarities of interrelations of lymphoid nodules, lymphatic capillaries and lymphocyte migration in the wall of intestine and trachea].

The objective of this study was to identify the peculiarities of lymphocyte migration in lymphoid nodules of the mucous membrane of the caecum and the trachea in autopsy material, obtained from 25 healthy individuals of various ages (from the newborns to the persons of 1st mature age). Also, the tendinous center of diaphragm was studied in 10 healthy rabbits. Using histological methods, the presence of two functionally different types of lymphatic capillaries in the wall of the caecum was demonstrated.

[Morpho functional state of the peripheral organs of the immune system in rats after the hypokinesia and in the period of rehabilitation].

Using the quantitative methods, the remodeling of the cytoarchitectonics of the morpho-functional zones in the grouped lymphoid nodules (GLN) or Peyer's patches and in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were studied in 30 rats after 30-day-long exposure to hypokinesia and during the period of rehabilitation (30 days after hypokinesia discontinuation). It was found that following the hypokinesia the germinal centers in lymphoid nodules in GLN retained the lymphocytopoiesis, while in the internodular zone the proportion of immature cells was increased and plasma cells appeared. In the similar structural zones of MLN, the complete suppression of lymphocytopoiesis and T-cell maturation was noted.

Structure of gastric wall in wistar rats in health and after experimental traumatic brain injury.

The structure of gastric wall was studied by histological methods in Wistar rats in health and after skull trephination and insertion of a needle into the brain. Experimental brain injury led to the development of destructive changes in the gastric wall (in the lymphoid structures located between the gland bottoms and muscle plate of the mucosa). Changes in the structure of cardiac glands and desquamation of the epithelium were detected.

[Age-related dynamics of morphofunctional state of the lymphoid tissue in the wall of human ureter].

Cellular composition of the lymphoid tissue in the ureteral epithelium and lamina propria was studied morphometrically in human postnatal ontogenesis using autopsy material obtained from 32 males of different age (from the neonatal period to the II period of mature age). Lymphoid tissue was found to be weakly developed in the ureteral wall during the studied period of human life. Processes of lymphocytopoiesis were not expressed, while there was high activity of cellular destruction.

[Morphological peculiarities of mesenteric lymph nodes in hypokinesia modeling].

Using histological methods, qualitative and quantitative changes in cell composition were studied in mesenteric lymph nodes in 20 male Wistar rats after experimental 30 days-long hypokinesia, and in 10 rats 1 month following the cessation of mobility restriction. Hypokinesia was found to result in massive destruction of lymphoid cells in the structural organ zones, suppression of lymphocytopoiesis, reduction in plasma cell and macrophage numbers, indicating the dampening of the immune reactions, however the full restoration of the cytoarchitectonics in the structural zones of lymph nodes did not take part 30 days following the cessation of hypokinesia.

[Structures ensuring blood flow control in the vessels of microcirculatory bed].

The aim of this study was to investigate the morpho-functional mechanisms of blood flow regulation in the vessels of the microcirculatory bed in various organs of man and animals (rabbitts and dogs). Ranvier's and Rasskazova's methods of silver nitrate impregnation, histological section staining with hematoxylin-eosin and after van Gieson, Gomori's method for demonstration of acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterases were used to detect the presence of the structures within the vessels of the microcirculatory bed that are capable of changing the blood flow through their lumen. These mechanisms can be temporary, and their activity is associated with the functional state of the endothelium (presence of microprojections, endotheliocyte swelling, changes of endotheliocyte orientation and laminar surface size).

[Rat spleen cellular composition after water baths].

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fresh water baths on rat spleen structural components (lymphoid nodules with or without germinal centers, periarterial lymphoid sheaths and splenic cords). Experiments included the submersion of the cages with outbred albino male rats into the baths containing fresh water at 36-37 degrees C. Histological analysis has shown the changes of cytoarchitectonics in all the splenic structures studied.

[On methods for unambiguous assessment of occupational environmental factors in occupational medicine].

Suggested system to formalize hygienic information is designed for definite and unambiguous assessment of varied totality of occupational environmental parameters in specific object of sanitary supervision; for study and analysis of physiologic, hygienic and clinical dependencies of workers' health state on the work conditions; for further specification of scientifically based prophylactic measures and social economic protection of workers.