Comparative analysis of correlation and causality inference in water quality problems with emphasis on TDS Karkheh River in Iran.

Water quality management is a critical aspect of environmental sustainability, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions such as Iran where water scarcity is compounded by quality degradation. This study delves into the causal relationships influencing water quality, focusing on Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) as a primary indicator in the Karkheh River, southwest Iran. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset spanning 50 years (1968-2018), this research integrates Machine Learning (ML) techniques to examine correlations and infer causality among multiple parameters, including flow rate (Q), Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Chloride (Cl), Sulfate (SO), Bicarbonates (HCO), and pH.

Factors associated with hospital length of stay in patients with thoracic hydatid cyst disease undergoing surgical intervention: a retrospective study.

Background: Hydatid cyst (HC) frequently affects the lungs, making it the second most common site after the liver. This study evaluated the clinical characteristics, surgical procedures, complications, laboratory findings, and factors influencing hospital length of stay (LOS) in patients undergoing surgery for pulmonary hydatid cysts.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included adult patients who underwent surgery for lung HC between 2017 and 2021.

Mussel-inspired modified regenerated cellulose as tissue adhesive and antibacterial gauze: A promising approach for rapid hemostasis in non-compressible hemorrhage.

Uncontrollable hemorrhage leads to high mortality rates; thus, engineering effective hemostatic materials is crucial for rapid hemostasis. Developing hemostatic materials for rapid coagulation, antibacterial activity, and easy removal without compromising clot integrity remains a challenge. Herein, a multifunctional hemostatic gauze was engineered by modifying regenerated cellulose textile through multiple sequential chemical reactions, including carboxymethylation, crosslinking with CaCl/ZnCl solution, oxidation, and polymerization with dopamine.

Spatial and temporal variation of façade-level particle number concentrations using portable monitors in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Ultrafine particles (UFP), commonly expressed as particle number concentrations (PNC), have been associated with harm to human health yet are currently not regulated or routinely monitored in many places. This has limited the potential for studies of health effects of long-term exposure to UFP. The present study aims to understand the spatial and temporal variation in façade-level UFP exposures in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Source-Specific PM and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Mortality.

Background: Fine particulate matter (PM) exposure is adversely linked to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, most studies focused on PM mass rather than its chemical composition and specific sources. Particulate pollution sources can have distinct, cumulative, and potentially synergistic health impacts.

How to combat stigma surrounding mental health disorders: a scoping review of the experiences of different stakeholders.

Background: The stigma associated with mental health disorders (MHDs) results in delayed help-seeking, limited access to health services, suboptimal treatment, poor treatment outcomes, and an increased risk of human rights violations. This scoping review summarizes qualitative research on the lived experiences of different stakeholders regarding strategies and interventions to combat stigma for people with MHDs.

Methods: This study was a six-step scoping review using the Arksey and O'Malley framework.

Nationwide analysis of air pollution hotspots across India: A spatiotemporal PM trend analysis (2008-2019).

Introduction: India experiences high levels of air pollution as measured by fine particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM) across the country. With limited resources, it is imperative to identify the most impacted areas.

The effects of an educational intervention on reducing stigma among medical students toward patients with psychiatric disorders.

Background: Stigma surrounding psychiatric disorders persists among medical students, who represent the future of healthcare provision. The reluctance of these students to engage with patients with psychiatric conditions poses challenges in delivering appropriate healthcare services. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an educational package on reducing stigma and altering attitudes toward patients with mental illnesses among medical students.

The relationships between unmet social needs, oral health measures, and dental service utilization in a pediatric population.

Objectives: Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) have been linked to health, including oral health and oral health behaviors. Objectives of this retrospective records review were to evaluate the relationships between self-reported unmet social needs and (1) oral health measures and (2) dental service utilization in a pediatric population at a hospital-based dental clinic.

Methods: Children 2-5 years of age whose families had completed a SDoH survey and who had an encounter with one United States (U.

Thermal Comfort Conditions and Mortality in Brazil.

Conventional temperature-based approaches often overlook the intricate nature of thermal stress experienced by individuals. To address this limitation, climatologists have developed thermal indices-composite measures designed to reflect the complex interaction of meteorological factors influencing human perception of temperature. Our study focuses on Brazil, estimating the association between thermal comfort conditions and mortality related to respiratory and circulatory diseases.

The association between neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and mental health in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review.

Background: Environmental research on mental health primarily originates from high-income countries, while information about the rest of the world remains limited.

Aims: This study examined: (1) the available published research evidence regarding the association between neighborhood-level deprivation and indicators of mental health and illness in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and (2) the gaps in the relevant research in LMIC settings that should be addressed in future studies.

Method: First, we systematically searched for relevant primary studies in electronic databases (Ovid Medline, Scopus, Socindex, and PsycINFO) and citations in the reference lists.

Long-term systemic effects of metabolic bariatric surgery: A multidisciplinary perspective.

Background: Obesity is a global health crisis with profound implications on various body systems, contributing to a series of comorbidities. Metabolic Bariatric Surgery (MBS) has emerged as an effective treatment option for severe obesity, with significant weight reduction and potential systemic physiological alterations.

Objectives: This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the long-term effects of MBS on a wide array of body systems, including the heart, liver, kidneys, reproductive system, skin, lungs, digestive tract, pancreas, and blood, as well as related cancers of these organs.

Filled Opioid Prescriptions Following Pediatric Dental Procedures Among Medicaid-Insured Children in Ohio.

To investigate opioid prescription fills following pediatric/adolescent dental procedures in central/southeastern Ohio. This population-based, retrospective cohort study utilized health insurance claims from a pediatric public accountable care organization (???Medicaid???) in central/southeastern Ohio. Patients aged 18 years and younger who had a dental procedure between January 2012 and February 2019 were identified, and claims were searched for opioid prescription fills within 14 days post-procedure.

Two Decades of Air Pollution Health Risk Assessment: Insights From the Use of WHO's AirQ and AirQ+ Tools.

Objectives: We evaluated studies that used the World Health Organization's (WHO) AirQ and AirQ+ tools for air pollution (AP) health risk assessment (HRA) and provided best practice suggestions for future assessments.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive review of studies using WHO's AirQ and AirQ+ tools, searching several databases for relevant articles, reports, and theses from inception to Dec 31, 2022.

Results: We identified 286 studies that met our criteria.

Correlation between socio-demographic characteristics, metabolic control factors and personality traits with self-perceived health status in patients with diabetes: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the relationship between metabolic control factors, socio-demographic characteristics, personality traits, and self-perceived health status in diabetes.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 318 patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes (DM). Participants completed a questionnaire-based survey, which included the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised to measure five personality dimensions and the SF-12 survey to assess self-perceived health status.

Age of first dental visits: A benefit of the pediatric medical home.

Objective: This retrospective cohort study compared differences in age one dental visit use and age at first dental visit according to fluoride varnish receipt at the pediatric medical home.

Methods: Enrollment and claims data were used from Partners For Kids, a pediatric accountable care organization covering Medicaid-enrolled children living in 47 of 88 counties in Ohio. The main outcomes were having an age one dental visit and the mean age at first dental visit.

Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of biosimilar recombinant growth hormone in children with growth hormone deficiency: non-inferiority, randomized, parallel, multicentric and Phase III trial.

Objectives: This study is designed in order to compare the efficacy and safety of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) with the reference brand.

Methods: According to the inclusion criteria, 85 people in 13 Iranian centers were randomly selected to receive biosimilar Somatropin (Somatin®) (44 people) and reference Somatropin (Norditropin®) (41 people) at a dose of 35 µg/kg/d, seven days/week for 12 months. The primary outcomes included height velocity (HV) was measured during 12 months of treatment.

Multiprotein collagen/keratin hydrogel promoted myogenesis and angiogenesis of injured skeletal muscles in a mouse model.

Volumetric loss is one of the challenging issues in muscle tissue structure that causes functio laesa. Tissue engineering of muscle tissue using suitable hydrogels is an alternative to restoring the physiological properties of the injured area. Here, myogenic properties of type I collagen (0.

Grouped mixtures of air pollutants and seasonal temperature anomalies and cardiovascular hospitalizations among U.S. Residents.

Background: Air pollution is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Temperature is also linked to CVD, with a primary focus on acute effects. Despite the close relationship between air pollution and temperature, their health effects are often examined separately, potentially overlooking their synergistic effects.

Discovering Subgroups of Children With High Mortality in Urban Guinea-Bissau: Exploratory and Validation Cohort Study.

Background: The decline in global child mortality is an important public health achievement, yet child mortality remains disproportionally high in many low-income countries like Guinea-Bissau. The persisting high mortality rates necessitate targeted research to identify vulnerable subgroups of children and formulate effective interventions.

Objective: This study aimed to discover subgroups of children at an elevated risk of mortality in the urban setting of Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, West Africa.

Ruptured giant thoracic hydatid cyst presenting with respiratory symptoms.

Pulmonary hydatid disease remains a global public health issue. Symptoms often result from cyst rupture, causing fever, cough, and hemoptysis. Radiographs may show homogeneous masses, air-fluid levels, or the pathognomonic "water lily" sign.