Emerging roles of CircRNA-miRNA networks in cancer development and therapeutic response.

The complex interplay of epigenetic factors is essential in regulating the hallmarks of cancer and orchestrating intricate molecular interactions during tumor progression. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), known for their covalently closed loop structures, are non-coding RNA molecules exceptionally resistant to enzymatic degradation, which enhances their stability and regulatory functions in cancer. Similarly, microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs with linear structures that regulate cellular biological processes akin to circRNAs.

Expression of Treg-associated lncRNAs in breast cancer.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have important functions in tumor microenvironment, particularly for induction of immune evasion. In order to find the underlying mechanism of dysregulation of Tregs in breast cancer tissues, we designed the current study to appraise expression of five Treg-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), namely FLICR (FOXP3 Regulating Long Intergenic Non-Coding RNA), NEST (IFNG-AS1), RMRP (RNA Component of Mitochondrial RNA Processing Endoribonuclease), MAFTRR (MAF Transcriptional Regulator RNA) and TH2-LCR (Th2 Cytokine Locus Control Region) in paired breast cancer and nearby noncancerous tissues. Expression levels of RMRP, TH2-LCR, MAFTRR and GATA3-AS1 were significantly higher in breast cancer samples compared with non-tumoral tissues.

Pre-clinical and clinical importance of miR-21 in human cancers: Tumorigenesis, therapy response, delivery approaches and targeting agents.

The field of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) has made significant progress in understanding the pathogenesis of diseases and has broadened our knowledge towards their targeting, especially in cancer therapy. ncRNAs are a large family of RNAs with microRNAs (miRNAs) being one kind of endogenous RNA which lack encoded proteins. By now, miRNAs have been well-coined in pathogenesis and development of cancer.

Long non-coding RNA/epithelial-mesenchymal transition axis in human cancers: Tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, and radioresistance.

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process that involves the transformation of polarized epithelial cells to attain a mesenchymal phenotype that presents an elevated migratory potential, invasiveness, and antiapoptotic properties. Many studies have demonstrated that EMT is a prominent event that is associated with embryogenesis, tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. The EMT process is driven by key transcription factors (such as Snail, Twist, ZEB, and TGF-β) and several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in many non-pathological as well as pathological conditions.

EMT mechanism in breast cancer metastasis and drug resistance: Revisiting molecular interactions and biological functions.

One of the malignant tumors in women that has involved both developed and developing countries is breast cancer. Similar to other types of tumors, breast cancer cells demonstrate high metastatic nature. Besides, breast tumor cells have ability of developing drug resistance.

Crosstalk of miRNAs with signaling networks in bladder cancer progression: Therapeutic, diagnostic and prognostic functions.

Urological cancers are considered as life-threatening diseases around the world. Bladder cancer is one of the most malignant urological tumors with high mortality and morbidity. Bladder cancer is a heterogenous disease and genetic alterations have shown to be key players in regulating its progression.