Synthetic materials in craniofacial regenerative medicine: A comprehensive overview.

The state-of-the-art approach to regenerating different tissues and organs is tissue engineering which includes the three parts of stem cells (SCs), scaffolds, and growth factors. Cellular behaviors such as propagation, differentiation, and assembling the extracellular matrix (ECM) are influenced by the cell's microenvironment. Imitating the cell's natural environment, such as scaffolds, is vital to create appropriate tissue.

Comparison of shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with a universal adhesive using different etching methods.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three enamel etching modes - laser-etch, self-etch and acid-etch (5, 10 and 15 s) - on bracket bonding, using a universal adhesive.

Methods: Eighty-four maxillary premolars were randomly divided into seven groups (n=12) based on the etching method and the adhesive used for bracket bonding. After water storage and thermocycling, shear bond strength was measured, and adhesive remnant index scores on debonded enamel were determined.

Evaluation of Microleakage under Orthodontic Brackets Bonded with Nanocomposites.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage value under orthodontic brackets bonded with a nano-filled composite and to compare the results with a conventional adhesive using two different bonding systems.

Materials And Methods: Forty human premolars were used in this cross-sectional study. The samples were randomly divided into four equal groups of ten: Group I: Acid etch plus Transbond XT primer and Transbond XT adhesive, Group II: Acid etch plus Transbond XT primer and nanocomposite (Filtek Z350), Group III: Scotchbond™ Universal primer plus Transbond XT, and Group IV: Scotchbond™ and nanocomposite.

Synergic effect of salivary pH baselines and low pH intakes on the force relaxation of orthodontic latex elastics.

Background: Latex elastics are still in common use due to their low cost and high flexibility to improve sagittal discrepancies or interdigitation of teeth. Mechanical properties of elastics are influenced by several environmental factors such as pH changes. This study evaluated similar latex elastics to define the influence of synergic effect of intermittent low pH and various baselines pH of saliva.