Hyoid bone-based sex discrimination among Egyptians using a multidetector computed tomography: discriminant function analysis, meta-analysis, and artificial intelligence-assisted study.

The hyoid bone has been identified as sexually dimorphic in various populations. The current study is a forerunner analysis that used three-dimensional multidetector computed tomography (3D MDCT) images of the hyoid bone to examine sexual dimorphism in the Egyptian population. A total of 300 subjects underwent neck CT imaging, with an additional 60 subjects randomly selected for model validation.

A prospective observational cohort study of HIV infection in Indonesia: baseline characteristics and one-year mortality.

Introduction: The incidence rate of newly diagnosed HIV infection in Indonesia decreased from 21 per 100,000 in 2011 to 10 per 100,000 in 2021. Despite this progress, AIDS-related deaths among people living with HIV (PLWH) increased from 3.4% in 2010 to 4.

Pioneering study of Egyptian Neem and Jojoba extracts with molecular docking combat hospital multidrug resistant bacteria.

Hospital surfaces are often contaminated with multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria that cause healthcare-associated infections and lead to increased mortality and morbidity. There is a need for new alternative antibacterial agents to overcome antibiotic resistance. Azadirachta indica and Simmondsia chinensis have been found to possess antibacterial activity and medicinal value.

The Effects of Thermal and Pulsed Ultrasound on Pain and Function in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: While ultrasound therapy is common for carpal tunnel syndrome, the relative merits of thermal versus pulsed ultrasound remain unclear. This study compares their therapeutic effects.

Design: Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

Flow-Through Flaps as a Robust Method for Advanced Free Flap Reconstruction in the Head and Neck: A Multi-Institutional Experience.

Background: Flow-through flaps (FTFs) are an advanced technique in which a free flap is anastomosed to the pedicle of another free flap to reconstruct extensive head and neck defects when recipient vessels are scarce.

Methods: A multi-institutional cohort of FTFs used for head and neck reconstruction were reviewed. For comparison, FTF outcomes were compared to free flaps that required vein grafts (VG) to reach distant recipient vessels.

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Mohs Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) and subsequent reconstructive procedures for the treatment of facial nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) significantly impact quality of life (QoL). A validated patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for patients who undergo Mohs reconstruction is not yet established. This study aims to systematically assess the quality of existing PROMs to determine their effectiveness in capturing the challenges faced after Mohs reconstruction for facial NMSC.

Synergistic effects of gamma irradiation/salmide®, a sodium chlorite-based oxy-halogen, on microbiological control and the shelf life of chicken breasts.

A novel portable chamber was developed to extend the shelf life of chicken breasts through a synergistic treatment of gamma irradiation and Salmide®, a sodium chlorite-based oxy-halogen. This combination successfully enhanced the shelf life by utilizing a low dosage of gamma irradiation alongside low concentrations of Salmide (200 ppm sodium chlorite). Fresh chicken breast samples were treated with gamma irradiation, then packed in ice containing Salmide within the portable chamber, and subsequently stored for 20 days in a refrigerator at 4 °C ± 1.

A Phase 2 Sensitivity and Selectivity Study of High-Dose 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Adult Patients Undergoing Resection of a Newly Diagnosed or Recurrent Glioblastoma.

Background And Objectives: The utility of oral 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)/protoporphyrin fluorescence for the resection of high-grade gliomas is well documented, but the problem of false-negative observations remains. This study compares high-grade glioma visualization with low/standard dose 5-ALA (<30 mg/kg) to high-dose 5-ALA (>40 mg/kg) to see if by using this higher dose, it is possible to reduce the rate of false-negative observations without increasing the rate of false-positive (FP) observations and therefore increase the sensitivity.

Methods: This is a prospective study of consecutive patients with radiological evidence of presumed high-grade glioma.

Identifying Abusive Head Trauma in an Infant.

Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a type of neurotrauma that accounts for significant morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by a constellation of neurologic and radiologic signs indicative of abuse in children aged zero to five years. Detection of these cases could be a challenging endeavor and is entirely contingent on the acumen of the healthcare professionals.

Immunomodulation by the combination of statin and matrix-bound nanovesicle enhances optic nerve regeneration.

Modulating inflammation is critical to enhance nerve regeneration after injury. However, clinically applicable regenerative therapies that modulate inflammation have not yet been established. Here, we demonstrate synergistic effects of the combination of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, statin/fluvastatin and critical components of the extracellular matrix, Matrix-Bound Nanovesicles (MBV) to enhance axon regeneration and neuroprotection after mouse optic nerve injury.

A Novel Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Generative AI Tool (Socrates 2.0) to Facilitate Socratic Dialogue: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Feasibility Study.

Background: Digital mental health tools, designed to augment traditional mental health treatments, are becoming increasingly important due to a wide range of barriers to accessing mental health care, including a growing shortage of clinicians. Most existing tools use rule-based algorithms, often leading to interactions that feel unnatural compared with human therapists. Large language models (LLMs) offer a solution for the development of more natural, engaging digital tools.

Effectiveness of hypertonic saline with or without hyaluronic acid among patients with cystic fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The clinical effectiveness of hypertonic saline (HS) in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) can be compromised by adverse effects. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of hyaluronic acid (HA) in mitigating these negative occurrences.

Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was carried out using three electronic databases: Medline, Cochrane Central, and Embase.

Trends and geographical variations in outpatient antimicrobial consumption in Ireland in relation to socio-economic deprivation.

Background: Different factors have been associated with changes in antimicrobial consumption rates in Ireland, however the relationship between socio-economic deprivation and antimicrobial consumption has not been explored. The presented ecological analysis explores the temporal and geographical variation in outpatient antimicrobial consumption and socio-economic deprivation in Ireland from January 2015 to March 2022.

Method: Deprivation index (DI) was used as a socio-economic proxy.

Biomechanical analysis of cadaveric wrists before and after MOTEC wrist arthroplasty using a hexapod robot.

This study compares wrist motion, biomechanical behaviour and radiographic parameters before and after total wrist arthroplasty using a fourth-generation spherical articulation prosthesis. A total of 10 cadaveric specimens were assessed using a hexapod Stewart platform robot. After arthroplasty, there were significant increases in both stiffness and phase angle of wrist motion across all planes of motion assessed.

Psychosocial Trauma History Negatively Impacts Liver Transplant Access in Women with Chronic Liver Disease.

Introduction: Few studies have evaluated the impact of psychological trauma (mental, emotional, or physical) on liver transplant (LT) candidacy and outcomes.

Methods: We performed a single center retrospective analysis of patients who completed routine LT evaluation between October 2017 and June 2021. We identified the prevalence of psychological trauma history in men and women LT candidates and evaluated the association between trauma history and LT access.

Effectiveness of McKenzie exercises plus stabilization exercises versus McKenzie exercises alone on disability, pain, and range of motion in patients with nonspecific chronic neck pain: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Chronic nonspecific neck pain is a common disorder that causes disability and reduced quality of life. Effective conservative treatment options are needed to manage this condition.

Objective: This randomized trial compared the efficacy of McKenzie exercises alone versus McKenzie plus cervical and scapulothoracic stabilization training for patients with chronic nonspecific neck pain.

Development and Validation of a Machine Learning COVID-19 Veteran (COVet) Deterioration Risk Score.

Background And Objective: To develop the COVid Veteran (COVet) score for clinical deterioration in Veterans hospitalized with COVID-19 and further validate this model in both Veteran and non-Veteran samples. No such score has been derived and validated while incorporating a Veteran sample.

Derivation Cohort: Adults (age ≥ 18 yr) hospitalized outside the ICU with a diagnosis of COVID-19 for model development to the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) (n = 80 hospitals).