DeepFreeze 3D-biofabrication for Bioengineering and Storage of Stem Cells in Thick and Large-Scale Human Tissue Analogs.

3D bioprinting holds great promise for meeting the increasing need for transplantable tissues and organs. However, slow printing, interlayer mixing, and the extended exposure of cells to non-physiological conditions in thick structures still hinder clinical applications. Here the DeepFreeze-3D (DF-3D) procedure and bioink for creating multilayered human-scale tissue mimetics is presented for the first time.