Rural-Urban Disparities and Trends in Cancer Screening: An Analysis of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Data (2018-2022).

Background: Despite evidence of the benefit of routine cancer screenings, data show a concerning decline in cancer screening uptake for multiple cancer screenings. This analysis aimed to examine rural-urban differences in recent trends for being up to date with screenings for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers.

Methods: We used 2018, 2020, and 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data to assess up-to-date cancer screening status among eligible U.

Sociocultural and masculinity influences on colorectal cancer screening participation among Hispanic/Latino men in Florida, New York, and Texas.

Background: This cross-sectional study explored how masculinity beliefs may influence colorectal cancer (CRC) screening participation among ethnic subgroups of screening-age-eligible (45-75 years) Hispanic/Latino men.

Methods: Using a consumer panel, we recruited self-identified Hispanic/Latino men fluent in English or Spanish, and residing in Florida, New York, or Texas. The Masculinity Barriers to Medical Care (MBMC) scale and its six subscales were used to assess masculinity beliefs.

#CRCandMe: results of a pre-post quasi-experimental study of a mass media campaign to increase early-onset colorectal cancer awareness in Utah and Wisconsin.

Overall colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality have been decreasing for several decades; however, since the early 1990s CRC incidence rates have nearly doubled among adults aged under 50 years. This study pilot-tested a community-based mass-media campaign aimed at improving knowledge and awareness of early-onset CRC in this population. The campaign (#CRCandMe) was deployed from June to September 2023 in Utah and Wisconsin.

Effect of an Inflatable Colon on Colorectal Cancer Knowledge and Screening Intent Among Male Attendees at State Fairs in Two Midwestern States, 2023.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most-diagnosed cancer among men and women in the US. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of an interactive inflatable colon exhibit on CRC knowledge and screening intent among men attending state fairs in 2 midwestern states.

Methods: At the 2023 state fairs in 2 midwestern states, eligible participants (men aged 18-75 y who could speak and read English and resided in 1 of the 2 states) completed a presurvey, an unguided tour of the inflatable Super Colon, and a postsurvey.

Cannabis Use and Subsequent CIGARETTE Discontinuation among U.S. Adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, Waves 1-5.

Introduction: This study examined the association between current co-use of cannabis and cigarettes in the past 30 days, and subsequent cigarette discontinuation (past 30-day point prevalence abstinence) among U.S. adults with established cigarette use in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.

Impact of Quitline Services on Tobacco Cessation: An Application of Modern Epidemiological Methods.

This study investigated the effectiveness of quitline service intensity (high vs. low) on past 30-day tobacco abstinence at 7-months follow-up, using observational data from the Oklahoma Tobacco Helpline (OTH) between April 2020 and December 2021. To assess the impact of loss to follow-up and non-random treatment assignment, we fit the parameters of a marginal structural model to estimate inverse probability weights for censoring (IPCW) and treatment (IPTW) and combined (IPCTW).

Cannabis use among cancer survivors in 22 states: Results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2020.

Background: This study identified factors associated with recent cannabis use and cannabis use for medical purposes among cancer survivors relative to individuals without a history of cancer.

Methods: Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were analyzed for the 22 states completing the optional cannabis module in 2020. Weighted multiple logistic regression was performed to explore variables associated with past 30-day cannabis use and cannabis use for medical purposes, stratified by history of cancer.

Facilitators and Barriers to Implementation of Lung Cancer Screening: A Framework-Driven Systematic Review.

Background: The purpose of this study is to undertake a comprehensive systematic review to describe multilevel factors (barriers and facilitators) that may influence the implementation of low-dose chest computed tomography for lung cancer screening in the United States.

Methods: Systematic literature searches were performed using 6 online databases and citation indexes for peer-reviewed studies, for articles published from 2013 to 2021. Studies were classified into 3 perspectives, based on the study's unit of analysis: system, health-care provider, and patient.

Factors associated with low-dose CT lung cancer screening participation in a high burden state: Results from the 2017-2018 BRFSS.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening (LCS) eligibility, utilization, and factors associated with self-reported participation among eligible individuals.

Methods: Data from the 2017 and 2018 Oklahoma Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were used and analysis was restricted to data from individuals eligible for screening based on the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines. Analyses using recursive partitioning and weighted logistic regression were conducted from November 2019 to March 2020.

Inequalities in Tobacco Retailer Compliance Violations Across the State of Oklahoma, 2015-2019.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between compliance check violations, and characteristics of the tobacco retailer and neighborhood social vulnerability in Oklahoma.

Design: This cross-sectional study utilized the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Compliance Check Inspections of Tobacco Product Retailers database for 2015-2019. These data were combined with Neighborhood social vulnerability variables using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Social Vulnerability Index.

Barriers and Factors Associated with HPV Vaccination Among American Indians and Alaska Natives: A Systematic Review.

American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons bear a disproportionate burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers and face unique challenges to HPV vaccination. We undertook a systematic review to synthesize the available evidence on HPV vaccination barriers and factors among AI/AN persons in the United States. We searched fourteen bibliographic databases, four citation indexes, and six gray literature sources from July 2006 to January 2021.

HPV vaccination and Native Americans: protocol for a systematic review of factors associated with HPV vaccine uptake among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the USA.

Introduction: The nine-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine could prevent an estimated 92% of the cancers attributable to HPV types targeted by the vaccine. However, uptake of the HPV vaccine among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adolescents has been low. AI/ANs also bear a disproportionate burden of cervical and other HPV-associated cancers.

Comparison of Urban and Rural Physical Activity and Outdoor Play Environments of Childcare Centers and Family Childcare Homes.

The purpose of this study was to examine the physical activity environment in childcare programs across type (childcare centers [CCCs] and family childcare homes [FCCHs]) and geographic location (urban and rural) as assessed by physical activity best practices according to the Go Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-assessment in Child Care. Results showed CCCs compared with FCCHs reported higher achievement of best practices. Further, urban childcare programs (CCCs and FCCHs) reported higher achievement of best practices in comparison to rural childcare programs.

Impact of Initiating Screening Programs on Referral and Management of Cervical Cancer in Tanzania.

Purpose: We investigated the impact of screening rural patients on referral and management of cervical cancer in Tanzania.

Methods: After reviewing more than 10,000 medical records of patients with cervical cancer who visited Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI) from 2005 to 2014, 108 patients were from the rural communities of Bagamoyo and Chalinze. We abstracted demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors and linked the data set to databases of all 1,151 patients who visited the Bagamoyo screening clinic from 2011 to 2014 and 1,273 patients who visited the Chalinze screening clinic from 2012 to 2014.

Assessing Workplace Health and Safety Strategies, Trends, and Barriers through a Statewide Worksite Survey.

Chronic diseases have added to the economic burden of the U.S. healthcare system.

A Qualitative Exploration of a Worksite Wellness Mini-Grant Program.

Mini-grant programs are an increasingly popular method for outside organizations (eg, non-profits, state agencies) to support wellness initiatives. However, little is known about mini-grant programs in worksites. The present study explored the implementation and outcomes of a worksite wellness mini-grant program.

Improving the nutrition and screen time environment through self-assessment in family childcare homes in Nebraska.

Objective: To determine if family childcare homes (FCCH) in Nebraska meet best practices for nutrition and screen time, and if focusing on nutrition and screen time policies and practices improves the FCCH environment.

Design: A pre-post evaluation was conducted using the Go Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Childcare (Go NAP SACC).

Setting: FCCH in Nebraska, USA.

Improving the Physical Activity and Outdoor Play Environment of Family Child Care Homes in Nebraska Through Go Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Child Care.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine if the Go Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment in Child Care (Go NAP SACC) intervention was effective in improving best practices in the areas of infant and child physical activity and outdoor play and learning in family child care homes (FCCHs) in Nebraska.

Methods: FCCHs (n = 201) participated in a pre-post evaluation using the Infant and Child Physical Activity and Outdoor Play and Learning assessments from the Go NAP SACC validated measure to assess compliance with best practices.

Results: At post, FCCHs demonstrated significant differences in 85% of the Infant and Child Physical Activity items (17 of 20) and 80% of the Outdoor Play and Learning items (12 of 15).