Recent trends and risk factors for chemical and physical restraint use in the emergency department evaluation and treatment of trauma patients.

Background: Despite research linking chemical and physical restraints to negative outcomes including unplanned intubations and psychological distress, there is little guidance for their use in the care of trauma patients. We used institutional data to describe recent trends in chemical and physical restraint in the emergency department evaluation and treatment of trauma patients and to identify characteristics associated with their use.

Methods: This study includes adult trauma activations at a United States urban level I trauma center from January 2016 to July 2022.

Association of sociodemographic characteristics with the timeliness of surgery for patients with open tibial fractures.

Background: The American College of Surgeons recommends operative debridement of open tibial fractures within 24 h of presentation. It is unknown what the compliance rates are with this recommendation and what factors contribute to delays to operation.

Methods: To determine the characteristics associated with delays to operation for open tibial fractures, we conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program data from 2017 to 2021.

Evaluating the impact of stay-at-home orders on the time to reach the peak burden of Covid-19 cases and deaths: does timing matter?

Background: The economic, psychological, and social impact of pandemics and social distancing measures prompt the urgent need to determine the efficacy of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), especially those considered most stringent such as stay-at-home and self-isolation mandates. This study focuses specifically on the impact of stay-at-home orders, both nationally and internationally, on the control of COVID-19.

Methods: We conducted an observational analysis from April to May 2020 and included both countries and US states with known stay-at-home orders.

[Validity of the assessment of urinary protein excretion by spot urine in patients with chronic kidney disease].

Aim: We investigate the validity of the assessment of urinary protein excretion by spot urine samples collected by different methods in outpatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS We obtained 24-hour urine and two spot urine samples, including the first morning urine and daytime urine in 159 CKD patients. Urinary protein excretion was assessed by the protein/creatinine ratio from spot urine samples (morning: m-UP (g/gCr), daytime: d-UP (g/gCr) ].

Triple therapy with single daily dose of cyclosporine in Japanese patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy.

Objective: The optimal therapeutic approach to patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) remains controversial. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of single daily dose cyclosporine (CsA) combined with low-dose prednisolone (PSL) and an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) in patients with IMN.

Methods: We studied 13 nephrotic patients (8 men, 5 women) with IMN diagnosed on biopsy.

Ratio of urinary potassium to urinary sodium and the potassium and edema status in nephrotic syndrome.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relevance of ratios of urinary potassium to urinary sodium + potassium (U(K)/U(Na + K)) to edema status in minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS).

Methods: We retrospectively studied 26 adults with newly diagnosed MCNS with significant pitting edema. On the basis of mean value (0.