Molecular and immunohistochemical markers in appendiceal mucinous neoplasms: A systematic review and comparative analysis with ovarian mucinous neoplasms and colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMNs) represent a rare and diagnostically challenging group of tumors. This systematic review aims to summarize the reported molecular and immunohistochemical markers (IHC) associated with AMNs and compare them with ovarian mucinous neoplasms (OMNs) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC).

Methods: A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE/PMC, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases to identify studies looking at IHC and molecular markers in AMNs.

Management strategies and outcomes of thromboembolism prevention in atrial fibrillation co-existing with immune thrombocytopenia: A review of evidence.

This review aimed to assess bleeding risks and explore management options in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), aiming to formulate an optimal therapeutic approach for improved patient prognosis. Employing MeSH terms, a comprehensive search strategy identified articles on bleeding risks and management guidelines in AF combined with ITP. Original research papers were included, while animal studies, reviews, and non-English articles were excluded.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Pregnancy: A Review of the Available Literature and the Pharmacological Challenges in Management.

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a rare hematologic malignancy to occur in pregnancy, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 75,000 pregnancies. Pregnant women with CLL face increased susceptibility to infections, due to a weakened immune system. Higher risks of fetal malformations and death are associated with CLL treatment during pregnancy, emphasizing the need for careful consideration and management in these cases.

Comparison of postoperative pain in children after maintenance anaesthesia with propofol or sevoflurane: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Propofol and sevoflurane are two of the most commonly used anaesthetics for paediatric surgery. Data from some clinical trials suggest that postoperative pain incidence is lower when propofol is used for maintenance of anaesthesia compared with sevoflurane, although this is not clear.

Methods: This meta-analysis compared postoperative pain following maintenance of anaesthesia with propofol or sevoflurane in paediatric surgeries.

Integrating AI and ML in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Diagnosis: State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects.

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is composed of diverse hematological malignancies caused by dysfunctional stem cells, leading to abnormal hematopoiesis and cytopenia. Approximately 30% of MDS cases progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a more aggressive disease. Early detection is crucial to intervene before MDS progresses to AML.

Impact of phthalate metabolites on vitamin D levels and subclinical inflammation: national health and nutrition examination survey, 2013-2018.

This study explores the association between phthalates and total vitamin D levels and the link between phthalates exposure and subclinical inflammation using monocyte percentage to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), utilizing three National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) survey cycles 2013-2018. This study is cross-sectional, utilizing one-time urine samples from randomly selected NHANES participants to assess phthalate metabolites. An inverse association between vitamin D and all Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites was found.

The Association Between Short Sleep Duration and Metabolic Syndrome: A Case-Control Study.

Purpose: Short sleep duration and quality are increasingly common in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and has been linked to metabolic syndrome, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This study aimed to examine the link between short sleep duration and metabolic syndrome.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a case-control study using data from Qatar Biobank, with 1000 participants categorized into two groups: less than 7 hours of sleep (n=500) and 7 or more hours of sleep (n=500).

Deep learning enhances acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosis and classification using bone marrow images.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) poses a significant health challenge, particularly in pediatric cases, requiring precise and rapid diagnostic approaches. This comprehensive review explores the transformative capacity of deep learning (DL) in enhancing ALL diagnosis and classification, focusing on bone marrow image analysis. Examining ten studies conducted between 2013 and 2023 across various countries, including India, China, KSA, and Mexico, the synthesis underscores the adaptability and proficiency of DL methodologies in detecting leukemia.

Proteomic Profiling of Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review.

The accurate diagnosis of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is crucial, as treatment strategies differ from those of other lung cancers. This systematic review aims to identify proteins differentially expressed in SCLC compared to normal lung tissue, evaluating their potential utility in diagnosing and prognosing the disease. Additionally, the study identifies proteins differentially expressed between SCLC and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), aiming to discover biomarkers distinguishing between these two subtypes of neuroendocrine lung cancers.

Stand-Alone Tibial Interference Screw Fixation and Tibial Interference Screw Plus Tibial Staple Fixation Produce Comparable Outcomes After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Hamstring Autografts.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of adding a metal staple alongside the interference screw in tibial side graft fixation during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Methods: All patients treated with autograft hamstring ACLR at our institution between January 2017 and December 2021 with a minimum 1-year follow-up were reviewed retrospectively. Patients treated with a stand-alone interference screw for tibial side fixation were compared with those treated with a combination of interference screw and staple.

Revolutionizing chronic lymphocytic leukemia diagnosis: A deep dive into the diverse applications of machine learning.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B cell neoplasm characterized by the accumulation of aberrant monoclonal B lymphocytes. CLL is the predominant type of leukemia in Western countries, accounting for 25% of cases. Although many patients remain asymptomatic, a subset may exhibit typical lymphoma symptoms, acquired immunodeficiency disorders, or autoimmune complications.

Artificial intelligence in sickle disease.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly becoming an established arm in medical sciences and clinical practice in numerous medical fields. Its implications have been rising and are being widely used in research, diagnostics, and treatment options for many pathologies, including sickle cell disease (SCD). AI has started new ways to improve risk stratification and diagnosing SCD complications early, allowing rapid intervention and reallocation of resources to high-risk patients.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Thalassemia: A Comprehensive Review.

Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects the beta or alpha subunits of the hemoglobin structure. Thalassemia is classified as a hypochromic microcytic anemia and a definitive diagnosis of thalassemia is made by genetic testing of the alpha and beta genes. Thalassemia carries similar features to the other diseases that lead to microcytic hypochromic anemia, particularly iron deficiency anemia (IDA).

Applications of Machine Learning in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by dysregulated growth and the proliferation of myeloid cells in the bone marrow caused by the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. Clinically, CML demonstrates an increased production of mature and maturing granulocytes, mainly neutrophils. When a patient is suspected to have CML, peripheral blood smears and bone marrow biopsies may be manually examined by a hematologist.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Thrombocytopenia.

Thrombocytopenia is a medical condition where blood platelet count drops very low. This drop in platelet count can be attributed to many causes including medication, sepsis, viral infections, and autoimmunity. Clinically, the presence of thrombocytopenia might be very dangerous and is associated with poor outcomes of patients due to excessive bleeding if not addressed quickly enough.