Reviewing the Uncommon Extrahepatic Central Nervous System (CNS) Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection: A Case Report.

This case report aims to shed more light on the increasingly described scenario of extrahepatic central nervous system (CNS) manifestations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We present a possible rare case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis manifesting as ring-enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head study conducted on a gentleman in his 50s who presented to the hospital with neurologic features, with an evident demonstration of HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the patient's cerebrospinal fluid sampled. A closer differential of tumefactive multiple sclerosis due to HCV was considered as well.

Solving a complex, rare, and challenging scenario in a normal pressure hydrocephalus with recurrent shunt dysfunction and multiple revisions - The opposing role of evolving low-pressure hydrocephalus and idiopathic raised intra-abdominal pressure.

Background: Maintenance of pressure gradient within the intracranial chamber, shunt hardware, and the abdominal cavity plays a significant role in the optimal functioning of the ventriculo peritoneal shunt. We report a rare and a complex scenario in a patient with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) who had recurrent and refractory ventricular peritoneal shunt dysfunction. Following a meticulous analysis, this was attributed to a very rare, and, first to be documented in the literature, a combination of an evolved very low pressure hydrocephalus (VLPH) system and asymptomatic raised intra-abdominal pressure (IAP).

Process Analytical Technology (PAT) Implementation for Membrane Operations in Continuous Manufacturing of mAbs: Model-Based Control of Single-Pass Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration.

Control of single pass tangential flow ultrafiltration (SPTFF) is crucial for continuous manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Integrating SPTFF technology into continuous manufacturing trains requires successful resolution of several challenges that arise due to the complexity of mass transfer interactions across multi-membrane configurations, the significant effect of feed material attributes and process variability on flux, and the need for advanced scheduling. In this paper, we propose a real-time, automated monitoring and control strategy for SPTFF in continuous processing of mAbs.