Older Infant-Young Child "Formulas".

The category of "formulas" directed at older infants and toddlers 6 to 36 months of age has increased in prominence over the last years but is characterized by lack of standardization in nomenclature and composition as well as questionable marketing practices. There has been uncertainty and misperception regarding some of the roles of these beverages in ensuring adequate childhood nutrition. The aim of this clinical report is to review the context, evidence, and rationale for older infant-young child formulas, followed by recommendations.

Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in children with autoimmune liver diseases and is linked to visceral fat and parent-perceived general health.

Background: Patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary or autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis are at nutritional risk; their body composition and has not been extensively studied. We aimed to describe their body composition and identify clinical links.

Methods: Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), two reviewers segmented total psoas muscle area (tPMSA), visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (mm ) and measured visceral and subcutaneous thickness (mm).