Shiftwork and insulin resistance in professional drivers: exploring the association using non-insulin-based surrogate measures.

Background: Previous research has made use of the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index to explore the association between shiftwork (SW) and insulin resistance (IR). However, the limitations of the HOMA-IR index restrict its use. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SW and IR in professional drivers using four alternative non-insulin-based IR surrogate measures (NIRS), and to determine the predictors of elevated NIRS.

Unveiling the influences of prenatal and maternal factors on the journey of an autistic child.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder with a high and increasing global prevalence. Although the precise causes are unknown, both genetic and environmental factors, including maternal ones during pregnancy, significantly influence its development. Therefore, this study endeavors to explore the potential causes of autism, including maternal and paternal prenatal risk factors, as well as antenatal and natal maternal risk factors, and their associations with the severity of ASD in mothers of children with ASD, from February to May 2024.

The impact of weight loss after bariatric surgeries on the patient's body image, quality of life, and self-esteem.

Objectives: The objective of this web-based study is to analyze the attributes of bariatric surgery cases ensuing health implications. Additionally, the study seeks to delve into the factors influencing post-bariatric psychological evaluations and the impact of various bariatric surgeries on weight loss and psycho-social assessment scores for patients who had undergone bariatric surgeries within a specific bariatric surgery center in Egypt between January 2017 and January 2024.

Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study recruited 411 adults who had undergone different bariatric procedures by the same surgical team.

The effect of educational programs on parents' knowledge, behavior, and practices regarding aluminum phosphide poisoning and its first-aid measures.

Background: Aluminum phosphide is an excellent insecticide available as a chalky white or brown tablet. Aluminum phosphide is traded in the Egyptian market as tablets under the brand name celphos. To date, no specific antidotes for aluminum phosphide poisoning have been identified.

The best ovarian reserve marker to predict ovarian response following controlled ovarian hyperstimulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: One of the most challenging aspects of treating patients facing primary ovarian insufficiency, especially those eligible for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH), is the assessment of ovarian function and response to stimulatory protocols in terms of the number of oocytes retrieved. The lack of consistency between studies regarding the best parameter for response evaluation necessitates a comprehensive statistical analysis of the most commonly utilized ovarian reserve markers (ORM). This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to establish the optimal metric for assessing ovarian reserve among COH candidates.

The prevalence of undiagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among undergraduate medical students: a survey from Pakistan.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is now acknowledged as a significant public health concern, a persistent neurodevelopmental disorder. It poses challenges across various life domains, persisting into adulthood, and is often undiagnosed. From July 2023 to December 2023, this study investigated the prevalence, types, participants' knowledge and perceptions, and demographic determinants of undiagnosed adult ADHD among undergraduate medical students in Pakistan.

Clinical Effectiveness of Green Tea Extracts as a Local Haemostatic Agent Following Mandibular Molar Extraction.

Objective: To determine the clinical effectiveness of different green tea extracts (GTEs) in reducing bleeding after extraction of mandibular molars.

Study Design: Randomised controlled trial. Place and Duration of the Study: College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, from October to December 2022.

Geospatial Health: achievements, innovations, priorities.

An expert panel discussion on achievements, current areas of rapid scientific progress, prospects, and critical gaps in geospatial health was organized as part of the 16thsymposium of the global network of public health and earth scientists dedicated to the development of geospatial health (GnosisGIS), held at the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) of the University of Twente in The Netherlands in November 2023. The symposium consisted of a three-day scientific event that brought together an interdisciplinary group of researchers and health professionals from across the globe. The aim of the panel session was threefold: firstly, to reflect on the main achievements of the scientific discipline of geospatial health in the past decade; secondly, to identify key innovation areas where rapid scientific progress is currently made and thirdly, to identify critical gaps and associated research and education priorities to move the discipline forward.

Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (nano-DESI MSI): A Tutorial Review.

Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI) is a liquid-based ambient mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) technique that enables visualization of analyte distributions in biological samples down to cellular-level spatial resolution. Since its inception, significant advancements have been made to the nano-DESI experimental platform to facilitate molecular imaging with high throughput, deep molecular coverage, and spatial resolution better than 10 μm. The molecular selectivity of nano-DESI MSI has been enhanced using new data acquisition strategies, the development of separation and online derivatization approaches for isobar separation and isomer-selective imaging, and the optimization of the working solvent composition to improve analyte extraction and ionization efficiency.

An epidemiological and spatiotemporal analysis of visceral leishmaniasis in West Pokot, Kenya, between 2018 and 2022.

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) remains a significant public health concern in West Pokot County, Kenya, where a large outbreak between 2020 and 2022 emphasised the need for improved VL control strategies. However, these measures are partially hampered by limited insight into the geographical distribution of cases and localised outbreaks of the disease. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and spatiotemporal patterns of VL in West Pokot between 2018 and 2022, in order to map the spread of VL transmission and identify regions that should be prioritised for control interventions.

Experimental infection of Clades 2.2.1.2 (H5N1) and 2.3.4.4b (H5N8) of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in commercial broilers.

In this study the pathogenicity, infectivity, and transmissibility of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.2.1.

Patients' experience of telehealth clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional study.

Globally, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in 2019 has accelerated the adoption of telehealth technologies. The implementation of the Saudi Telemedicine Network (STN) and other digital health initiatives, such as the telehealth clinic (THC) at King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAAUH), exemplifies this trend in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to explore the patients' experience of THC in KAAUH during the COVID-19 pandemic and their' beliefs about their readiness to replace the traditional onsite clinical visits with THC from March to September 2020.

Evaluating the reproductive performance of Summan grouper, (Forsskal, 1775), in the Red Sea.

Grouper fish are among the most important components of the fisheries of many countries because they are found in warm water throughout the world. There are 15 genera and 159 species known worldwide; 8 genera and 66 species are exclusively found in the western Indian Ocean, Red Sea, and Arabian Gulf. The Summan grouper, , constitutes a considerable portion of these fisheries; therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the reproductive strategy of this important fish species.

Intramuscular Venous Malformation Associated with Muscle Herniation of the Left Masseter Muscle in a 12-Year-Old Boy.

BACKGROUND Muscle hernias are an uncommon condition typically found in the extremities; masseter muscle hernia is even rarer. However, it is important for clinicians and radiologists to be aware of this possibility. Intramuscular venous malformation (IMVM) is also uncommon and mostly found in the head, neck, and extremities.

Occupational Stress and Burnout Among Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a lot of stress for healthcare personnel. They are subjected to arduous and stressful working hours and may contract infection. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess the level of occupational stress and the prevalence of burnout among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic and (ii) to identify some sociodemographic characteristics and work-related factors that may influence the level of stress and burnout among such HCWs.

Open-Source Data Analysis Tool for Spectral Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Using Spectroscopic Photon-Counting Detector.

Spectral small-angle X-ray scattering (sSAXS) is a powerful technique for material characterization from thicker samples by capturing elastic X-ray scattering data in angle- and energy-dispersive modes at small angles. This approach is enabled by the use of a 2D spectroscopic photon-counting detector that provides energy and position information of scattered photons when a sample is irradiated by a polychromatic X-ray beam. Here, we describe an open-source tool with a graphical interface for analyzing sSAXS data obtained from a 2D spectroscopic photon-counting detector with a large number of energy bins.

Solitary Intraosseous Myofibroma of the Mandible in a Nine-Year-Old Child: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Myofibroma (MF) is a benign neoplasm derived from myofibroblasts. While they are infrequent, these tumors are predominantly found in the pediatric group and seldom manifest as intraosseous mandibular tumors. Herein, we present a 9-year-old female with a radiolucent lesion in the left mandible associated with malposed left lower canine and 1st premolar teeth.

Optimization of graphene polypyrrole for enhanced adsorption of moxifloxacin antibiotic: an experimental design approach and isotherm investigation.

The presence of antibiotics in water systems had raised a concern about their potential harm to the aquatic environment and human health as well as the possible development of antibiotic resistance. Herein, this study investigates the power of adsorption using graphene-polypyrrole (GRP-PPY) nanoparticles as a promising approach for the removal of Moxifloxacin HCl (MXF) as a model antibiotic drug. GRP-PPY nanoparticles synthesis was performed with a simple and profitable method, leading to the formation of high surface area particles with excellent adsorption properties.

Selection of optimal strategy for managing decentralized solar PV systems considering uncertain weather conditions.

Solar power is a promising source of energy that is environmentally friendly, sustainable, and renewable. Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels are the most common and mature technology used to harness solar energy. Unfortunately, these panels are prone to dust accumulation, which can have a significant impact on their efficiency.