No cerebral or cervical venous insufficiency in US veterans with multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To determine if chronic cerebral venous insufficiency exists in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) using ultrasonography and 4-dimensional color Doppler ultrasonography examination and unverified criteria proposed by Zamboni et al.

Design: Patients with MS and clinically isolated syndrome were matched by age and sex with subjects with migraine or no neurological disease. All subjects underwent gray-scale, color, and spectral Doppler ultrasonography examination of the internal jugular veins (IJVs), vertebral veins, and deep cerebral veins for stenosis, absence of signal, and reflux.

Multiple sclerosis and chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency: a critical review.

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) was recently proposed as a contributing factor in the pathology of multiple sclerosis. This concept has gained remarkable attention, partly because endovascular neurointervention has been suggested as a treatment strategy. This review summarizes available evidence and provides a critical analysis of the published data.

Isolated central nervous system vasculitis associated with antiribonuclear protein antibody.

We describe the case of a young woman who was referred to a tertiary care center with unexplained subacute progressive encephalopathy preceded by long-standing severe headaches. Her extensive workup was remarkable for abnormal intracranial angiography suggestive of small- and medium-vessel vasculitis, persistently elevated protein in the cerebrospinal fluid and persistently high titers of antiribonuclear protein antibody. The patient showed a modest response to intravenous high-dose steroids.

A middle-aged woman with logopenic progressive aphasia as a precursor of Alzheimer's disease: case report and review of the literature.

PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE APHASIA IS A NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDER THAT WAS RECENTLY CLASSIFIED INTO THREE TYPES: fluent (semantic), nonfluent, and logopenic. The logopenic variant is the least common one and is closely related to Alzheimer's disease in comparison to the other two variants that are closely related to frontotemporal dementia. We report the case of a middle-aged woman who presented to our center with progressive aphasia that was undiagnosed for two years.

Hypnopompic seizures.

The relationship between epilepsy and sleep is complex and bidirectional. Ictal awakening is probably a common and well-described phenomenon. In this small observational study we describe arousal from sleep as the only, or at least main, manifestation of some epileptic seizures.

Immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: new insights and therapeutic implications.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disorder of the CNS. The etiology of MS remains unknown. However, it is well established that immune dysregulation plays a critical role in the neuropathogenesis of this disorder.

Optic neuritis presenting with amaurosis fugax.

Optic neuritis usually presents with rapid and gradual loss of vision that is either complete or incomplete, and typically associated with retro-orbital pain. To our knowledge there have been no documented reports of optic neuritis presenting with multiple episodes of amaurosis fugax, the sudden and transient loss of vision lasting seconds to minutes. We report here the case of a young woman with a possible diagnosis of demyelinating left optic neuritis that presented solely with multiple episodes of brief and transient sudden loss of vision.