Neighborhood and racial influences on triple negative breast cancer: evidence from Northeast Ohio.

Purpose: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer (BC) with higher recurrence rates and poorer prognoses and most prevalent among non-Hispanic Black women. Studies of multiple health conditions and care processes suggest that neighborhood socioeconomic position is a key driver of health disparities. We examined roles of patients' neighborhood-level characteristics and race on prevalence, stage at diagnosis, and mortality among patients diagnosed with BC at a large safety-net healthcare system in Northeast Ohio.

YB1 Is a Major Contributor to Health Disparities in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive amongst all breast cancer (BC) subtypes. While TNBC tumors represent less than 20% of all BC subtypes, they are responsible for the most BC-related deaths. More significantly, when considering TNBC incidence across all racial/ethnic groups, TNBC accounts for less than 20% of all BCs.

A rare case of a non-neural granular cell tumor presenting as an enlarging right chest wall nodule in a 4-year-old male and review of the literature.

Non-neural granular cell tumor was first described in 1991 as an unusual primitive, polypoid variant of the conventional granular cell tumor. To date, this neoplasm remains a rare entity and the cell of origin is uncertain. While the histological features are similar to the conventional granular cell tumor, it represents a distinct entity that is negative for S100 and lacks true nerve sheath differentiation.

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules: Is routine ultrasound-guidance necessary?

Background: Current guidelines recommend either ultrasound-guided or palpation-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy for evaluation of a thyroid nodule. However, it has been suggested that ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy should be used routinely in all patients to reduce the rate of nondiagnostic and false negative results. The purpose of this study was to determine whether any difference exists in nondiagnostic and false negative rates between the two methods of fine-needle aspiration biopsy at our institution.

Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Have a Low Response Rate to Vitamin D Supplementation.

Hypovitaminosis D is associated with an increased severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but reports on the response to cholecalciferol (vitamin D) supplementation are conflicting. The objective of this study was to determine if standard vitamin D supplementation is effective in NAFLD with hypovitaminosis D. Sixty-five well-characterized adults [age (mean ± SD): 51.

Concordant clear cell "mesonephric" carcinoma of the bladder and lung adenocarcinoma with clear cell features - multiple primaries versus metastatic neoplasms: a case report.

Background: Clear cell carcinoma of the bladder is a rare variant of urinary bladder adenocarcinoma. We report a case of a patient with clear cell carcinoma of the bladder and a concordant right upper lobe pulmonary adenocarcinoma with clear cell features, and we address the role of immunohistochemistry and cytogenetic analysis in distinguishing the two primary malignancies.

Case Presentation: Our patient was a 59-year-old African American woman who presented with hematuria.

Clinical spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

Background: While non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been well characterised in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), less is known about NAFLD in non-DM patients. We investigated the clinical characteristics of NAFLD patients with and without DM and accuracy of the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) in these two NAFLD groups.

Methods: Clinical, biochemical and histological variables were evaluated in this prospective cross-sectional study of 503 patients with biopsy proven NAFLD.

The development of a non-invasive model to predict the presence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an advanced and aggressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which remains difficult to diagnose without a liver biopsy. Hyperferritinemia has increasingly been associated with the presence of NASH. Hence, we sought to explore the relationship between ferritin and NASH and to develop a composite model based on ferritin to predict the presence of NASH.

Age impacts ability of aspartate-alanine aminotransferase ratio to predict advanced fibrosis in nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease.

Background And Aim: While histological differences have been reported between pediatric and adult nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), potential age-related changes in serum transaminases and liver histology remain largely unexplored. Our study sought to investigate the clinical and histological characteristics of NAFLD across age.

Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of 502 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients.

Renin-angiotensin system and fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background & Aims: Therapeutic options are limited for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). One promising approach is the attenuation of necroinflammation and fibrosis by inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). We explored whether the risk of fibrosis was associated with the use of commonly used medications in NAFLD patients with hypertension.

Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of omega 3 fatty acids for the treatment of diabetic patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Background: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is common and severe in patients with diabetes mellitus. Although, there are no effective treatments for NASH in diabetic patients, preliminary reports suggest that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may be beneficial in these patients.

Aim: A prospective, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study (NCT 00323414) was performed in NASH patients with diabetes.

Should atypia of undetermined significance be subclassified to better estimate risk of thyroid cancer?

Background: Atypia or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS) is a cytologic category of thyroid aspirates with a wide range of reported malignancy. We aimed to determine whether specific cytologic features are associated with different rates of thyroid malignancy.

Methods: All thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsies with AUS from 2010 to 2012 were reanalyzed.

Hypovitaminosis D is associated with increased whole body fat mass and greater severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background & Aims: Hypovitaminosis D is common in obesity and insulin-resistant states. Increased fat mass in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may contribute to hypovitaminosis D. To determine the relation among plasma vitamin D concentration, severity of disease and body composition in NAFLD.

Yield of repeat fine-needle aspiration biopsy and rate of malignancy in patients with atypia or follicular lesion of undetermined significance: the impact of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology.

Background: Atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (A/FLUS) is a new category in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) for which repeat fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is recommended.

Methods: A retrospective review was completed to evaluate the impact of the BSRTC on management of nodular thyroid disease. Patients were divided into pre-BSRTC and BSRTC groups.

The diagnostic value of the ThinPrep pap test in endometrial carcinoma: a prospective study with histological follow-up.

Case-control studies have demonstrated that the ThinPrep Pap test may provide improved detection of endometrial carcinoma. The purpose of this study is to prospectively examine the diagnostic potential of the ThinPrep Pap test in the detection of endometrial carcinoma. ThinPrep Pap test slides were collected from high-risk patient groups.

Retroperitoneal cystic teratoma masquerading as an incidentally discovered adrenal mass.

Objective: To report a case of a retroperitoneal cystic teratoma that obscured and compressed the adrenal gland, mimicking a primary adrenal tumor.

Methods: The presenting manifestations, radiographic characteristics, gross and microscopic pathologic features, and results of surgical therapy and long-term follow-up are described.

Results: A 50-year-old African American woman with a 2-year history of low back pain and night sweats had a computed tomographic scan of the abdomen, which revealed an incidental 8 by 4 by 3.

MicroRNA-375 and MicroRNA-221: Potential Noncoding RNAs Associated with Antiproliferative Activity of Benzyl Isothiocyanate in Pancreatic Cancer.

The deregulated presence or absence of microRNAs (miRNAs) might play an important role in molecular pathways leading to neoplastic transformation. At present, it is also thought that the approaches to interfere miRNA functions should be helpful for developing novel therapeutic opportunities for human cancer. In this study, we provide evidence that the anticancer agent benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) has the ability to modulate the level of miRNAs such as miR-221 and miR-375, known to be abnormally expressed in pancreatic cancer patients.

Short-term exposure to tobacco toxins alters expression of multiple proliferation gene markers in primary human bronchial epithelial cell cultures.

The biological effects of only a finite number of tobacco toxins have been studied. Here, we describe exposure of cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells to low concentrations of tobacco carcinogens: nickel sulphate, benzo(b)fluoranthene, N-nitrosodiethylamine, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). After a 24-hour exposure, EGFR was expressed in cell membrane and cytoplasm, BCL-2 was expressed only in the irregular nuclei of large atypical cells, MKI67 was expressed in nuclei with no staining in larger cells, cytoplasmic BIRC5 with stronger nuclear staining was seen in large atypical cells, and nuclear TP53 was strongly expressed in all cells.

Validity of real time ultrasound in the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis: a prospective study.

Background/aims: Ultrasound is used to screen for hepatic steatosis, the most common liver disease in the United States. However, few studies have prospectively evaluated the accuracy of ultrasound to diagnose hepatic steatosis. Therefore, a double blinded prospective study was performed in consecutive patients undergoing liver biopsy to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound to diagnose hepatic steatosis.

Tissue is the issue-sarcoidosis following ABVD chemotherapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case report.

Thirty two year old Caucasian female presented 2 months post partum with fevers, cough and shortness of breath. CT scan of the chest to rule out pulmonary embolism revealed mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of the nodes revealed classic Hodgkin's lymphoma and she received ABVD chemotherapy.

Diagnostic value of the thin-layer, liquid-based Pap test in endometrial cancer: a retrospective study with emphasis on cytomorphologic features.

Objective: To examine the diagnostic value (sensitivity and specificity of the ThinPrep Pap test in the detection of endometrial cancer and assess the morphologic features of endometrial cancer in ThinPrep tests.

Study Design: In a retrospective, case-controlled study, we identified 60 Pap slides performed within 12 months of the tissue diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma and 56 comparison slides from patients without known carcinoma. The slides were blindly reviewed by the authors without knowledge of the surgical diagnosis.

ThinPrep Pap tests in patients with endometrial cancer: a histo-cytological correlation.

The aim of this retrospective study was to correlate cytological diagnoses of endometrial cancers in ThinPrep Pap tests with the histological diagnoses. ThinPrep specimens from 67 patients within 12 mo of the histological diagnosis of endometrial cancer were studied. Of this study sample, 89.

When fine-needle aspiration biopsy cannot exclude papillary thyroid cancer: a therapeutic dilemma.

Hypothesis: Clinical or cytologic factors predictive of malignancy can be identified and incorporated into a treatment algorithm for patients with a fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) specimen interpreted as "suspicious for" papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).

Design: Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database.

Setting: University-affiliated tertiary care hospital.