KAPANDJI TECHNIQUE AS AMINIMALLY INVASIVE PROCEDURE FOR SELECTED PATIENTS WITH TWO- AND THREE-PART FRACTURES OF THE PROXIMAL HUMERUS.

Current algorithms for decision making in proximal humerus fractures consider the fracture pattern along with the patient characteristics and surgeon’s experience. Minimally invasive techniques for reduction and internal fixation of many types of these fractures have recently been widely promoted, especially with the use of the newly developed locking plate systems. Intramedullary flexible nailing is one of the oldest techniques using minimally invasive reduction and fixation of proximal humerus fractures.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND PEARLS IN A STEPWISE SURGICAL TECHNIQUE OF REVISION TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY.

The authors aim at reviewing the guiding principles in revision total knee arthroplasty according to a stepwise procedure. Strict preoperative planning is of paramount importance for this surgery. Thorough clinical history and physical exam, the assessment of limb deformity and knee range of motion as well as knee stability in flexion, extension and mid-flexion are crucial.