Calculating transmembrane voltage on the electric pulse-affected cancerous cell membrane: using molecular dynamics and finite element simulations.

Context: Electroporation is a technique that creates electrically generated pores in the cell membrane by modifying transmembrane potential. In this work, the finite element method (FEM) was used to examine the induced transmembrane voltage (ITV) of a spherical-shaped MCF-7 cell, allowing researchers to determine the stationary ITV. A greater ITV than the critical value causes permeabilization of the membrane.

Design of a novel nanoparticle to use X-ray fluorescence of TiO to induce photodynamic effects in the presence of PpIX.

Background: Radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy are the methods of cancer treatment. Although one limitation of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the limited penetration depth of light through tissue, using X-rays does not have this restriction. Self-lighting nanoparticles can convert X-rays into UV/visible.

A physicochemical model of X-ray induced photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) with an emphasis on tissue oxygen concentration and oxygenation.

X-PDT is one of the novel cancer treatment approaches that uses high penetration X-ray radiation to activate photosensitizers (PSs) placed in deep seated tumors. After PS activation, some reactive oxygen species (ROS) like singlet oxygen (O) are produced that are very toxic for adjacent cells. Efficiency of X-PDT depends on O quantum yield as well as X-ray mortality rate.

Cobalt ferrite nanoparticle for the elimination of CD133+CD44 and CD44CD24, in breast and skin cancer stem cells, using non-ionizing treatments.

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the most challenging issue in cancer treatment, because of their high resistance mechanisms, that can cause tumor recurrence after common cancer treatments such as drug and radiation based therapies, and the insufficient efficiency of common treatments in CSCs removal and the recurrence of tumors after these treatments, it is essential to consider other methods, including non-ionizing treatments likes light-based treatments and magnetic hyperthermia (MHT).

Method And Material: After synthesis, characterization and investigation, the toxicity of novel on A375 and MAD-MB-231 cell lines, magnetic hyperthermia and light-based treatments were applied. MTT assay and flow cytometry was employed to determine cell survival.

Increased radiosensitivity of melanoma cells through cold plasma pretreatment mediated by ICG.

Radiation therapy (RT) is the primary treatment for many cancers, but its effectiveness is reduced due to radioresistance and side effects. The study aims to investigate an emerging treatment for cancer, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), as a selectable treatment between cancerous and healthy cells and its role in the occurrence of photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizing indocyanine green (ICG) as a photosensitizer. We examined whether the efficiency of radiotherapy could be improved by combining CAP with ICG.

Effect of photothermal and photodynamic therapy with cobalt ferrite superparamagnetic nanoparticles loaded with ICG and PpIX on cancer stem cells in MDA-MB-231 and A375 cell lines.

Background: Cancer cells are resistant to treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy due to their characteristics such as self-renewal, high proliferation and other resistance mechanisms. To overcome this resistance, we combined a light-based treatment with nanoparticles to get advantage of both PDT and PTT in order to increase efficiency and beater outcome.

Methods And Material: After synthesis and characterization of CoFe2O4@citric@PEG@ICG@ PpIX NPs, their dark cytotoxicity concentration was determined with MTT assay.

Opto-microfluidic assisted synthesis of photo-protoporphyrin (pPP) conjugated to hollow gold-albumin hybrid nanoshells to enhance the efficiency of photodynamic therapy of triple negative breast cancer cells.

Introduction: Protoporphyrin-IX (PpIX), a photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy, has limitations due to its hydrophobicity, rapid photobleaching, and low absorption peak in the red region. These limitations make the use of PpIX less effective for photodynamic therapy treatments. In this study, we harnessed the power of microfluidic technology to manipulate the properties of PpIX and quickly synthesize albumin-based hybrid nanoshells with high reproducibility.

Optimization of cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticle as a theranostic agent: MRI and hyperthermia.

Objective: Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are considered a theranostic agent in MR imaging, playing an effective role in inducing magnetic hyperthermia. Since, high-performance magnetic theranostic agents are characterized by superparamagnetic behavior and high anisotropy, in this study, cobalt ferrite MNPs were optimized and investigated as a theranostic agent.

Methods: CoFeO@Au@dextran particles were synthesized and characterized by DLS, HRTEM, SEM, XRD, FTIR, and VSM methods.

evaluation of Sono-chemo therapy via hollow gold nanoshells conjugated to mitoxantrone on breast cancer.

Objectives: Conventional methods of cancer treatment include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. Chemotherapy, as one of the main methods of cancer treatment, due to the lack of targeted distribution of the drug in tumor tissues, is not able to destroy cancer cells and also affects healthy tissues and causes serious side effects in patients. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a promising strategy for non-invasive treatment of deep solid cancer tumors.

The Synergistic Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Mediated Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated with Indocyanine Green as An Innovative Approach to Cooperation with Radiotherapy.

Objective: The multimodality treatment of cancer provides a secure and effective approach to improve the outcome of treatments. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has got attention because of selectively target and kills cancer cells. Likewise, gold nanoparticles (GNP) have been introduced as a radiosensitizer and drug delivery with high efficacy and low toxicity in cancer treatment.

The multimodal effect of Photothermal/Photodynamic/Chemo therapies mediated by Au-CoFeO @Spiky nanostructure adjacent to mitoxantrone on breast cancer cells.

Background: Conventional cancer treatments are associated with a number of limitations, including non-selectivity, toxicity and multidrug resistance, so new nanotechnologies are being developed forcancer diagnosis and therapy. Phototherapy approach based on nanotechnology is a hopeful strategy to overcome these problems. Photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic therapies (PDT), in addition to having non-invasive properties, are known as promising methods for treatment of tumors.

Surface modification of gold nanoparticles with 6-mercapto-1-hexanol to facilitate dual conjugation of protoporphyrin IX and folic acid for improving the targeted photochemical internalization.

Objectives: Photochemical internalization (PCI) is an important type of photodynamic therapy for delivering macromolecules into the cytosol by the endocytosis process. In this study, 6-mercapto-1-hexanol (MH) was used to functionalize the gold nanostructure as a primer for surface modification to improve conjugation of multi-agents such as protoporphyrin IX (Pp-IX) and folic acid with gold nanoparticles (PpIX/FA-MH-AuNP) to facilitate the photochemical internalization.

Materials And Methods: After surface modification of AuNPs with MH, PpIX and FA are bonded to the surface of the MH-AuNPs through the coupling reaction to produce the desired conjugated AuNPs.

In vitro evaluation of the intensifying photodynamic effect due to the presence of plasmonic hollow gold nanoshells loaded with methylene blue on breast and melanoma cancer cells.

Background: Hypoxia is one of the most important limiting factors in photodynamic therapy that can reduce the effectiveness of this treatment. By designing a nanocomplex of plasmonic nanoparticles and photosensitizers with similar optical properties, the rate of free oxygen radical production can be increased and the efficiency of photodynamic therapy can be improved. in this study, we tried to use the outstanding capacities of hollow gold nanoshells (HGNSs) as a plasmonic nanocarrier of methylene blue (MB) to improve the performance of photodynamic therapy.

Evaluating the efficacy of photodynamic therapy with indocyanine green in the treatment of keloid.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with topical indocyanine green (ICG) in the treatment of keloid lesions.

Methods: In this pilot study, fifteen keloids (6 lesions on the sternal area, 3 on the shoulders, 2 on the abdomen, 2 on the legs, and 2 on the forearms) were selected. To enhance drug penetration, pretreatment with CO2 laser was performed.

Evaluation of photodynamic effect of Indocyanine green (ICG) on the colon and glioblastoma cancer cell lines pretreated by cold atmospheric plasma.

Background: Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) has been proposed as a new approach based on its anticancer potential. However, its biological effects in combination with other physical modalities may also enhance efficiency and expand the applicability of the CAP method Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) may be improved by the use of indocyanine green (ICG) photosensitizer with absorption wavelength in the near infrared region to allow for deeper treatment depth..

Accompanying photocytotoxic activity of gold nanoechinus and zinc phthalocyanine on cancerous cell lines.

Background: Near-infrared triggered photodynamic therapy (NIR-PDT) has been introduced as a relatively deep tumor treatment modality. The gold Nanoechinus (Au NE) is a rare type of nanostructures that act as a transducer to change NIR wavelength to ultraviolet (UV) and visible lights. During the photodynamic process, Au nanoechinus (Au NE) converts the irradiation of 980 nm to 674 nm which is absorbed by Zn(II) Phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid (ZnPcS).

Superparamagnetic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles as contrast agent in MRI: in vitro study.

Superparamagnetic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFeO) possess favourite advantages for theranostic applications. Most of previous studies reported that CoFeO magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are suitable candidates for induction of hyperthermia and transfection agents for drug delivery. The present study synthesized and investigated the potential use of CoFeO as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by using a conventional MRI system.

In-vitro investigation of cold atmospheric plasma induced photodynamic effect by Indocyanine green and Protoporphyrin IX.

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the non-invasive methods for the treatment of superficial malignant cancers. One of the limiting challenges of PDT is the hypoxic conditions during treatment that reduces PDT Efficiency. Because of ROS and free radicals in plasma flame output, Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) may improve treatment efficiency.

The Influence of Anionic, Cationic Surfactant and AOT/Water/Heptane Reverse Micelle on Photophysical Properties of Crocin: Compare with RPMI Effect.

Encapsulation of crocin (CN), having large nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, can be utilized in studies of photodynamic therapy (PDT). For this purpose, photo-physical and NLO properties of CN encapsulation with and without cell culture medium (CCM) were investigated. As well, nonlinear absorption (NLA) coefficient and nonlinear refractive (NLR) indices were found to be 10 (cm W) and 10 (cm W); respectively.

Investigation of the emission spectra and cytotoxicity of TiO and Ti-MSN/PpIX nanoparticles to induce photodynamic effects using X-ray.

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been recognized as an effective method for cancer treatment; however, it suffers from limited tissue penetration depth. X-rays are ideal excitation sources for activating self-lighting nanoparticles that can penetrate through deep tumor tissues and convert the X-rays to visible light. In this study, Ti-MSN/PpIX nanoparticles for X-ray induced photodynamic therapy was synthesized.

The effect of UV radiation in the presence of TiO-NPs on Leishmania major promastigotes.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease, which is difficult to treat due to high drug resistance and adverse side effects. Photodynamic therapy by ultraviolet radiation using materials with high photocatalytic features like titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO-NPs) is an emerging treatment for this disease. In this study, TiO-NPs with ultraviolet (UV) radiation were administered as photodynamic therapy against Leishmania Major (LM) promastigotes.

A comparative study on generating hydroxyl radicals by single and two-frequency ultrasound with gold nanoparticles and protoporphyrin IX.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a new manner of killing cancer cells based on the cytotoxic interactions of ultrasound with sonosensitizing agents. It is shown that gold nanoparticles (GNPs) increase the efficiency of cavitation activity of ultrasound. In this study the influence of a single and/or two frequencies of ultrasound waves to generate hydroxyl radicals (OH) was assessed in the presence of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and/or GNPs.

An overview of therapeutic applications of ultrasound based on synergetic effects with gold nanoparticles and laser excitation.

Acoustic cavitation which occurs at high intensities of ultrasound waves can be fatal for tumor cells. The existence of dissolved gases and also the presence of nanoparticles (NPs) in a liquid, irradiated by ultrasound, decrease the acoustic cavitation onset threshold and the resulting bubbles collapse. On the other hand, due to unique capabilities and optical properties of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), they have been emphasized as effective NPs in the field of tumor therapy.