Intraluminal washout in rectal and sigmoid colon cancer surgeries with double-stapling technique anastomosis: A single-institution prospective study.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the necessity of intraluminal washout through cytological assessment to prevent implantation of exfoliated cancer cells (ECCs) in patients with rectal and sigmoid cancers.

Methods: We studied 140 patients with either sigmoid or rectal cancer who underwent anastomosis surgery using a double-stapling technique. An intraluminal washout sample was collected before and after irrigation with 1000, 1500, or 2000 mL of physiological saline or distilled water.

Impact of postoperative infectious complications on long-term prognosis after esophagectomy.

Background: Postoperative complications have been reported to be a risk factor for worse oncologic outcomes in patients with esophageal cancer. However, the impact of postoperative complications on prognosis after esophagectomy remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the factors that influence the prognosis of postoperative complications in patients who underwent oncological esophagectomy, focusing on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Prognostic significance and risk factors of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in esophagogastric junction cancer: a single-center, retrospective study.

Background: Although the optimal extent of lymph node dissection in esophagogastric junction cancer (EGJC) has been reported, the efficacy of mediastinal lymph node dissection remains unclear. We aimed to identify risk factors for mediastinal lymph node metastasis and its prognostic impact in patients with EGJC.

Methods: A total of 100 consecutive patients who underwent curative surgery for EGJC were eligible.

Enhancing Preoperative Diagnosis Accuracy of Stage III Gastric Cancer with Circulating circRNAs.

Background: The prognosis remains poor for stage III gastric cancer, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy is increasingly used to improve outcomes. Accurate diagnosis prior to treatment is essential to develop appropriate treatment strategies for poor prognosis subgroups. This study aims to enhance the accuracy of pre-treatment gastric cancer diagnosis using a biological approach centered on circulating circular RNA (circRNA).

Targeting USP14/UCHL5: A Breakthrough Approach to Overcoming Treatment-Resistant FLT3-ITD-Positive AML.

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are associated with poor prognosis and therapy resistance. This study aimed to demonstrate that inhibiting the deubiquitinating enzymes ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14 (USP14) and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L5 (UCHL5) (USP14/UCHL5) with b-AP15 or the organogold compound auranofin (AUR) induces apoptosis in the ITD-transformed human leukemia cell line MV4-11 and mononuclear leukocytes derived from patients with FLT3-ITD-positive AML. This study included patients diagnosed with AML at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital between January 2018 and July 2024.

Laparoscopic Transhiatal Resection of an Esophageal Diverticulum in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report.

Esophageal diverticula are relatively uncommon, especially supradiaphragmatic diverticula. Esophageal diverticula are normally managed by observation; however, surgical treatment is sometimes indicated for large diverticula or diverticula in highly symptomatic patients. Surgical approaches for esophageal diverticula include thoracoscopic or laparoscopic resection; however, consensus has not yet been reached on the optimal approach.

Molecular mechanisms driving the interactions between platelet and gastric cancer cells during peritoneal dissemination.

Platelets (PLTs) facilitate tumor progression and the spread of metastasis. They also interact with cancer cells in various cancer types. Furthermore, PLTs form complexes with gastric cancer (GC) cells via direct contact and promote their malignant behaviors.

Clinical significance of postoperative complications after pancreatic surgery in time-to-complication and length of postoperative hospital stay: a retrospective study.

Purpose: We retrospectively analyzed pancreatectomy patients and examined the occurrence rate and timing of postoperative complications (time-to-complication; TTC) and their impact on the length of postoperative hospital stay (POHS) to clarify their characteristics, provide appropriate postoperative management, and improve short-term outcomes in the future.

Methods: A total of 227 patients, composed of 118 pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and 109 distal pancreatectomy (DP) cases, were analyzed. We examined the frequency of occurrence, TTC, and POHS of each type of postoperative complication, and these were analyzed for each surgical procedure.

Changes in and clinical utility of maximum phonation time and repetitive saliva swallowing test scores after esophagectomy.

Background: Postoperative pneumonia in patients with esophageal cancer occurs due to swallowing dysfunction and aspiration. Recently, maximum phonation time (MPT) assessment and repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST) have been focused on as swallowing function assessment methods that can identify patients as high risk for pneumonia. We aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of MPT assessment and RSST in patients undergoing oncological esophagectomy.

Re-consideration of Lymph Node Metastasis in Pancreatic Cancer Patients Following Radical Resection: A Retrospective Study.

Background/aim: Perioperative chemotherapy has become more common in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC), and the significance of lymph node (LN) metastasis and the role of surgical resection in PC have gradually evolved. In the present study, we reconsidered the significance of LN metastasis for patients with PC.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed 142 PC patients who underwent radical resection at our hospital between September 2012 and December 2021.

Differences in glycemic trends due to reconstruction methods after proximal gastrectomy from the perspective of continuous glucose-monitoring.

Purpose: In recent years, clinicians have focused on the importance of preventing hypoglycemia. We evaluated the impact of different reconstruction procedures after proximal gastrectomy on glycemic variability in non-diabetic patients with gastric cancer.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted between April 2020 and March 2023.

Rikkunshito increases peripheral incretin-hormone levels in humans and rats.

Background: It was reported that rikkunshito (TJ-43) improved the cisplatin-induced decreases in the active form of ghrelin in plasma; however, other effects on gastrointestinal hormones have not been investigated.

Aim: To investigate the effects of TJ-43 on peripheral levels of incretin hormones, including gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like polypeptide-1 (GLP-1), in humans and rats.

Methods: Patients were divided into two groups, namely patients who received TJ-43 immediately following surgery [TJ-43(+) group] and those who received TJ-43 on postoperative day 21 [TJ-43(-) group], and the plasma levels of active GIP and active GLP-1 were assessed.

The Expression and Role of Aquaporin 4 in Colon Cancer.

Background/aim: Aquaporins (AQPs) were initially discovered as water channel proteins that facilitate transcellular water movements. Recent studies have shown that AQPs are expressed and play an oncogenic role in various cancers. However, the expression and role of Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in colon cancer have not been investigated.

Investigating Cytoglobin Expression in Colon Cancer: Clinicopathological Insights from Immunohistochemical Analysis.

Background/aim: Cytoglobin (Cygb), a protein involved in cellular oxygen metabolism and protection, has garnered attention owing to its potential role in the initiation and progression of cancer, particularly colon cancer (CC). This study investigated the expression and significance of Cygb in CC.

Patients And Methods: This study included 145 patients who underwent R0 surgery for CC (clinical stage II/III) at our institution between January 2007 and December 2014.

[A Case of Delayed-Onset Acute Interstitial Nephritis following Nivolumab Treatment in a Patient with Advanced Esophagogastric Junction Cancer].

An 81-year-old man with advanced esophagogastric junction cancer with paraaortic lymph node metastasis was treated with S-1 plus oxaliplatin and nivolumab combination chemotherapy. Subsequently, conversion surgery was performed, and the patient was discharged without postoperative complications. Two months after discharge, the patient developed fever, fatigue, and anorexia.

Inhibition of cancer cell‑platelet adhesion as a promising therapeutic target for preventing peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer.

Platelets form complexes with gastric cancer (GC) cells via direct contact, enhancing their malignant behavior. In the present study, the molecules responsible for GC cell-platelet interactions were examined and their therapeutic application in inhibiting the peritoneal dissemination of GC was investigated. First, the inhibitory effects of various candidate surface molecules were investigated on platelets and GC cells, such as C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2), glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and integrin αIIbβ3, in the platelet-induced enhancement of GC cell malignant potential.

Prognostic Impact of Stromal Profiles Educated by Gastric Cancer.

Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts exhibit diversity and have several subtypes. The underlying relationship between the diversity of cancer-associated fibroblasts and their effect on gastric cancer progression remains unclear. In this study, mesenchymal stem cells were differentiated into cancer-associated fibroblasts with gastric cancer cell lines; clinical specimens were used to further investigate the impact of cancer-associated fibroblast diversity on cancer progression.

Postoperative Remission of Diabetes Mellitus After Gastrectomy in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Gastric Cancer.

Background/aim: We investigated the postoperative treatment status for diabetes mellitus and perioperative HbA1c levels in patients with diabetes mellitus and examined the effects of clinical factors on the remission of diabetes mellitus.

Patients And Methods: In this study, 126 patients with gastric cancer were considered to have diabetes mellitus preoperatively, of whom 79 were treated with oral antidiabetic drugs and/or insulin treatment. We compared diabetic treatment status and HbA1c values between the preoperative and postoperative periods in patients who underwent gastrectomy and examined the effects of clinical factors on improving diabetes mellitus.

Dynamics of perioperative pancreatic exocrine function in patients undergoing reconstruction after gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Background: Each method of reconstruction after gastrectomy results in a change in the digestive and absorptive status. However, there are few reports on the changes in pancreatic exocrine function after gastrectomy. We conducted this study to investigate the dynamics of pancreatic exocrine function after gastrectomy according to the method of reconstruction performed.

Analysis of surgical outcomes and risk factors for anastomotic leakage following trans-hiatal resection of esophagogastric junction cancer.

Background: The trans-hiatal lower esophagectomy is considered less invasive than the trans-thoracic esophagectomy for resection of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancer. However, the optimal procedure remains controversial and should be determined while considering both oncological and safety aspects.

Methods: This retrospective study comprised 124 patients that underwent curative resection for EGJ cancer.

Rikkunshito increases appetite by enhancing gastrointestinal and incretin hormone levels in patients who underwent pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy: A retrospective study.

Background: Rikkunshito (TJ-43) relieves gastrointestinal disturbance by increases in the levels of acylated ghrelin.

Aim: To investigate the effects of TJ-43 in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery.

Methods: Forty-one patients undergoing pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PpPD) were divided into two groups; patients took daily doses of TJ-43 after surgery or after postoperative day (POD) 21.

[A case of primary peritoneal cancer diagnosed with a duodenal stricture].

A 69-year-old female patient visited the previous hospital with anorexia and vomiting. She had weight loss and emaciation and was admitted to the hospital with a duodenal stenosis diagnosis due to superior mesenteric artery syndrome by computed tomography (CT). Conservative treatment with nutritional therapy was performed, but with no improvement;thus, the patient was referred to our hospital.

The Expression and Role of NADPH Oxidase 2 in Colon Cancer.

Background/aim: Recent studies have reported that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOXs) are expressed in various cancers and play important roles in tumor progression. However, no studies have examined the expression and role of NOX2 in colon cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the pathophysiological roles of NOX2 in colon cancer patients and cell lines.