Comparing the gene expression profile of stromal cells from human cord blood and bone marrow: lack of the typical "bone" signature in cord blood cells.

With regard to the bone-regenerative capacity, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) can still be termed the "gold standard." Nevertheless, neonatal stromal cells from cord blood (CB) feature advantages concerning availability, immaturity, and proliferation potential. The detailed gene expression analysis and overexpression of genes expressed differentially provide insight into the inherent capacity of stromal cells.

Neonatal mesenchymal-like cells adapt to surrounding cells.

Hematopoietic cord blood (CB) transplantations are performed to treat patients with life-threatening diseases. Besides endothelial cells, the neonatal multipotent stromal cell subpopulations CDSCs (CB-derived stromal cells) and USSCs (unrestricted somatic stromal cells) are like bone marrow (BM) SCs interesting candidates for clinical applications if detailed knowledge is available. Clonal USSC compared to CDSC and BMSC lines differ in their developmental origin reflected by a distinct HOX expression.

Oxygen tension modifies the 'stemness' of human cord blood-derived stem cells.

Background Aims: Amongst different stem cell populations derived from human cord blood (CB), unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSC) are distinguished from CB mesenchymal stromal cells (CB MSC) by expression patterns of homeobox (HOX) genes, delta-like1 homolog (DLK1) expression and adipogenic differentiation potential. In this study we investigated the effects of oxygen tension on the generation, proliferation and expression of stem cell marker genes, which could be critical during large-scale cell culture for clinical applications.

Methods: We cultured CB-derived stem cells at 5% and 20% O(2).

Distinct differentiation potential of "MSC" derived from cord blood and umbilical cord: are cord-derived cells true mesenchymal stromal cells?

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) with distinct differentiation properties have been reported in many adult [eg, bone marrow (BM)] or fetal tissues [eg, cord blood (CB); umbilical cord (UC)] and are defined by their specific surface antigen expression and multipotent differentiation potential. The MSC identity of these cells should be validated by applying well-defined readout systems if a clinical application is considered. In order to determine whether cells isolated from human UC fulfill the criteria defined for MSC, the immunophenotype and differentiation potential including gene expression analysis of the most relevant lineage-specific markers were analyzed in the presented report in combination with the HOX-gene expression.

Good manufacturing practice-grade production of unrestricted somatic stem cell from fresh cord blood.

Background Aims: The discovery of unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSC), a non-hematopoietic stem cell population, brought cord blood (CB) to the attention of regenerative medicine for defining more protocols for non-hematopoietic indications. We demonstrate that a reliable and reproducible method for good manufacturing practice (GMP)-conforming generation of USSC is possible that fulfils safety requirements as well as criteria for clinical applications, such as adherence of strict regulations on cell isolation and expansion.

Methods: In order to maintain GMP conformity, the automated cell processing system Sepax (Biosafe) was implemented for mononucleated cell (MNC) separation from fresh CB.

DLK-1 as a marker to distinguish unrestricted somatic stem cells and mesenchymal stromal cells in cord blood.

In addition to hematopoietic stem cells, cord blood (CB) also contains different nonhematopoietic CD45-, CD34- adherent cell populations: cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells (CB MSC) that behave almost like MSC from bone marrow (BM MSC) and unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSC) that differentiate into cells of all 3 germ layers. Distinguishing between these populations is difficult due to overlapping features such as the immunophenotype or the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation pathway. Functional differences in the differentiation potential suggest different developmental stages or different cell populations.