Hematologic profiles and development of innate immune function in healthy Holstein calves during the pre-weaning period.

Background: The development and state of innate immune cell function during the first 90 days of life in dairy calves have not been fully described.

Objective: This transversal study attempted to examine the changes that occur in circulating blood cells and the innate immune response in healthy calves from birth to 89 days of age.

Methods: Healthy Holstein calves represent three windows of development, G1 from 1 to 7 days old (n = 26), G2 from 30 to 40 days old (n = 28), and G3 from 60 to 89 days old (n = 36) were sampled once each from a single herd.

Efficacy of oleandrin and PBI-05204 against bovine viruses of importance to commercial cattle health.

Background: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). and bovine coronavirus (BCV) threaten the productivity of cattle worldwide. Development of therapeutics that can control the spread of these viruses is an unmet need.