Uterine fibroids and longitudinal profiles of the vaginal microbiota in a cohort presenting for transvaginal ultrasound.

Bacterial vaginosis, characterized in part by low levels of vaginal Lactobacillus species, has been associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines which could fuel uterine fibroid development. However, prior work on the associations between uterine fibroids and vaginal bacteria is sparse. Most studies have focused on assessment of individual taxa in a single sample.

Learning curve for magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound fusion prostate biopsy in detecting prostate cancer using cumulative sum analysis.

Background: Targeted magnetic resonance (MR) with ultrasound (US) fusion-guided biopsy has been shown to improve detection of prostate cancer. The implementation of this approach requires integration of skills from radiologists and urologists. Objective methods for assessment of learning curves, such as cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis, may be helpful in identifying the presence and duration of a learning curve.

Validation of an MRI-based prostate cancer prebiopsy Gleason score predictive nomogram.

Background: Gleason score grading is a cornerstone of risk stratification and management of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). In this work, we derive and validate a nomogram that uses prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) and clinical patient characteristics to predict biopsy Gleason scores (bGS).

Materials And Methods: A predictive nomogram was derived from 143 men who underwent MP-MRI prior to any prostate biopsy and then validated on an independent cohort of 235 men from a different institution who underwent MP-MRI for PCa workup.

PSA density is complementary to prostate MP-MRI PI-RADS scoring system for risk stratification of clinically significant prostate cancer.

Background: While prostate multiparametric-magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) has improved the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPC), the complementary use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels to risk-stratify for CSPC requires further study. The objective of this project was to determine if prostate MP-MRI and PSA can provide complementary insights into CSPC risk stratification.

Methods: In an IRB-approved study, pathologic outcomes from patients who underwent MR/US fusion-targeted prostate biopsy were stratified by various parameters including PSA, PSA density (PSAD), age, race, and PI-RADS v2 score.

Observational cohort study of the effect of a single lubricant exposure during transvaginal ultrasound on cell-shedding from the vaginal epithelium.

The outer layers of the vaginal epithelium (VE) are important because they accumulate glycogen which, under optimal conditions, Lactobacillus spp. consume to grow and acidify the vaginal microenvironment with lactic acid. We hypothesized that exposure to lubricant, for example in the conduct of a transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS), may contribute to the shedding of mature epithelial cells, exposing immature cells.

Performance of PI-RADS v2 assessment categories assigned prior to MR-US fusion biopsy in a new fusion biopsy program.

Objective: To validate the performance of PI-RADS v2 for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPca, Gleason ≥7) within the context of a new fusion biopsy program.

Material And Methods: Patients with a PI-RADS v2 assessment category assigned on pre-biopsy mpMRI between March 2015 and November 2017 were identified. Diagnostic performance of PI-RADS v2 was calculated using fusion biopsy results as reference standard using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Role of metabolic imaging in diagnosis of primary, metastatic, and recurrent prostate cancer.

Purpose Of Review: The present review describes the current role of metabolic imaging techniques such as multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), hyperpolarized MRSI, and positron emission tomography (PET) in the diagnosis of primary prostate cancer, surveillance of low-grade disease, detection of metastases, and evaluation of biochemical recurrence after therapy.

Recent Findings: The natural history of prostate cancer ranges from indolent disease that is optimally monitored by active surveillance, to highly aggressive disease that can be lethal. Current diagnostic methods remain imperfect in noninvasively distinguishing between silent versus aggressive tumors.

re: Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) of the Cesarean-Scarred Uterus in vivo at 3T: Comparison Study of DTI Parameters Between Nonpregnant and Pregnant Cases.

5 Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson.

Patterns in On-time, Daily Submission of a Short Web-Based Personal Behavior Survey in a Longitudinal Women's Health Study.

We evaluated compliance with submitting a short Web-based personal behavior survey daily during a 10-week study (n = 52 women/3419 diaries). Time-stamped forms revealed that 50% of diaries were submitted within 24 hours of the email prompt, and 19% were missing or submitted more than 3 days late. Late submissions may affect data quality.

Performing a Basic US Examination: Road Map for Radiology Residents.

This online presentation creates a road map for performing a high-quality gray-scale US examination, revisits fundamental physics concepts for image optimization, and discusses methods to improve image quality and decrease artifacts.

Mucin-Containing Rectal Carcinomas: Overview of Unique Clinical and Imaging Features.

The purpose of this study is to review the unique clinical and imaging features of mucin-containing rectal carcinomas. Mucinous rectal carcinoma is an uncommon tumor subtype with a worse prognosis. At MRI, it is marked by T2-hyperintense extracellular mucin.

A comparison of segmented abdominopelvic fluid volumes with conventional CT signs of abdominal compartment syndrome in a trauma population.

Purpose: To compare the utility of abdominopelvic fluid volume measurements with established computed tomography signs for refractory post-traumatic abdominal compartment syndrome.

Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study included 64 consecutive adult trauma patients with preoperative CT and diagnosis of refractory abdominal compartment syndrome requiring decompressive laparotomy at a level I trauma referral center between 2004 and 2014. We hypothesized that abdominal fluid volume measurements would be more predictive of the need for early laparotomy than previously described conventional CT signs of refractory ACS.

Hyperpolarized C magnetic resonance imaging, using metabolic imaging to improve the detection and management of prostate, bladder, and kidney urologic malignancies.

Approximately 25% of the 2 million new cancer diagnoses in the United States in 2018 were comprised of malignancies of the urogenital system. Of these cancers, 75% occurred in the kidney/renal pelvis, prostate, and urinary bladder. Early diagnosis is beneficial to long-term survival.

Outcome of liver lesions indeterminate for malignancy on ultrasound: the role of patient age, risk status, and lesion echogenicity.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between final outcome of lesions indeterminate for malignancy on ultrasound (US) and patient and imaging characteristics.

Methods: We identified all patients with indeterminate liver lesions on US between 9/1/2013 and 12/31/2014 using institutional codes based on radiologist opinion. Miscoded lesions (n = 30) and patients with no imaging, pathology, or clinical follow-up at our health system (n = 6) were excluded.

Hyperirritable stomach as a cause of obstructive symptoms after sleeve gastrectomy: clinical and radiographic findings.

Purpose: To characterize clinical and radiographic features of a hyperirritable stomach after sleeve gastrectomy.

Materials/methods: Radiology reports revealed that 10/76 patients (13%) with obstructive symptoms after sleeve gastrectomy had a hyperirritable stomach.

Results: All 10 patients presented with nausea, vomiting, and/or regurgitation.

Diagnostic Yield of Triple-Rule-Out CT in an Emergency Setting.

Objective: The objective of the present study is to quantify the diagnostic yield of triple-rule-out (TRO) CT for the evaluation of acute chest pain in emergency department patients.

Materials And Methods: All TRO CT studies performed at our institution from 2006 to 2015 were reviewed. Scans were performed on a 256-MDCT scanner, with the use of ECG gating and a biphasic contrast injection.

ABR Core Examination Changes That Affect Residency Candidate Decisions.

Purpose: The recent restructuring of the ABR core examination has prompted changes to radiology residency training. The purpose of this study is to determine how factors related to the core examination restructuring influenced radiology applicants' match decisions.

Methods: We surveyed 626 applicants to our institution's radiology residency, after the 2014 match.

How to perform and interpret cine MR enterography.

Magnetic resonance (MR) enterography has become a fundamental tool for small bowel evaluation. Multiphasic cine imaging is a useful component of MR enterography evaluation because it provides functional information about bowel motility. Cine MR enterography can be used to evaluate for strictures and adhesions.

The management of EGFR inhibitor adverse events: a case series and treatment paradigm.

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors are widely used medications in the treatment of cancers.

Objective: To review the cutaneous adverse events related to EGFR inhibitors.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of all cases referred for the management of cutaneous adverse events after the initiation of EGFR inhibitor therapy between the years of 2006 and 2009 was performed.