The role of pain self-efficacy and pain catastrophising in the relationship between chronic pain and depression: A moderated mediation model.

Chronic pain is a substantial health problem with a high prevalence of comorbid depression. To understand the link between chronic pain and depression, cognitive factors including pain catastrophising and pain self-efficacy have been theorised as significant contributing variables. There is relatively strong evidence that pain catastrophising mediates the relationship between pain severity and depression symptoms.

Guided Self-Help for People with Chronic Pain: Integrated Care in a Public Tertiary Pain Clinic-A Pilot Study.

Introduction: Globally, chronic pain affects more than 30% of people worldwide and is the leading cause of disability and health care utilisation. Access to timely, person-centred, cost-effective programs is unattainable for most. People living in regional, rural and remote areas are disproportionately affected due to scarcity of services and qualified, multidisciplinary health and medical professionals.

Exploration of potential indicators of burnout, psychological distress and post-traumatic stress disorder, among Australian female first responders.

There is limited research on the psychological wellbeing of female first responders (FRs) and therefore we explore potential indicators of burnout, psychological distress and post-traumatic stress disorder among Australian female FRs. We conducted an online health survey among Australian female FRs (fire, police, paramedical, aeromedical, remote area and other e.g.

Brief introductory group education programs for chronic disease patients in chronic disease management: a scoping review protocol.

Objective: This review will scope the literature and map the features of brief introductory group education programs implemented in chronic disease management.

Introduction: Brief introductory group education programs are resource-efficient interventions used in chronic disease management to educate patients about basic disease concepts, self-management strategies, and to introduce specialist services. There is a lack of published research that synthesizes the characteristics, guiding principles, and outcomes reported in brief group education programs in chronic disease management.

Factors influencing the recruitment and retention of female first responders: a mixed methods systematic review protocol.

Objective: The objective of this review is to produce a set of integrated findings of quantitative and qualitative evidence regarding workplace recruitment and retention factors (including departure) of female first responders to inform recommendations for policy and practice.

Introduction: Historically, first responder workforces such as police officers, firefighters, search and rescue personnel, medical technicians, and paramedics have been largely male dominated. Over the past few decades, however, there has been a steady increase in the number of women entering this field.

Psychosocial factors associated with psychological distress and functional difficulties in recently transitioned and current serving regular Australian Defence Force members.

The transition period from military-to-civilian life can be one of the most significant and stressful periods in the military life cycle. We explore the psychosocial factors associated with psychological distress and functional impairment among those who recently transitioned from the Australian Defence Force (ADF) and those currently serving in 2015. Using data from the Transition and Wellbeing Research Programme, multinomial logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between a combined measure of psychological distress and functional impairment (K10/SDS) with various psychosocial, lifestyle, and physical health factors.

The Associations Between Physical and Psychological Symptoms and Traumatic Military Deployment Exposures.

Current paradigms regarding the effects of traumatic exposures on military personnel do not consider physical symptoms unrelated to injury or illness as independent outcomes of trauma exposure, characteristically dealing with these symptoms as comorbidities of psychological disorders. Our objective was to ascertain the proportions of deployed military personnel who experienced predominantly physical symptoms, predominantly psychological symptoms, and comorbidity of the two and to examine the association between traumatic deployment exposures (TDEs) and these symptomatic profiles. Data were taken from a cross-sectional study of Australian Defence Force personnel who were deployed to the Middle East during 2001-2009 (N = 14,032).

Identifying clusters of health symptoms in deployed military personnel and their relationship with probable PTSD.

Objective: Among military personnel posttraumatic stress disorder is strongly associated with non-specific health symptoms and can have poor treatment outcomes. This study aimed to use machine learning to identify and describe clusters of self-report health symptoms and examine their association with probable PTSD, other psychopathology, traumatic deployment exposures, and demographic factors.

Method: Data were from a large sample of military personnel who deployed to the Middle East (n = 12,566) between 2001 and 2009.

The Value of Physical Symptoms in Screening For Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Military.

Physical symptoms are highly comorbid with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As PTSD is underdiagnosed, this study explored the value of self-reported physical symptoms in screening for 30-day PTSD in military personnel. Two physical symptom scales were constructed using items from a 67-item health symptom checklist, clinical interviews were used as the diagnostic reference standard, and diagnostic utility of physical symptoms was compared with the current gold standard screen, the PTSD checklist (PCL).

Screening for Depression and Psychological Distress in a Currently Serving Military Population: The Diagnostic Accuracy of the K10 and the PHQ9.

This study is the first to examine the diagnostic accuracy of two depression screening scales-the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-in an entire regular-serving military population. Currently serving Australian Defence Force personnel ( = 24,481) completed the K10 and PHQ9. Then a targeted subsample (i.

The impact of antecedent trauma exposure and mental health symptoms on the post-deployment mental health of Afghanistan-deployed Australian troops.

Background: Both traumatic deployment experiences and antecedent traumas increase personnel's risk of developing PTSD and depression. However, only cross-sectional studies have assessed whether antecedent trauma moderates stress reactions to deployment experiences. This study prospectively examines whether antecedent trauma moderates the association between deployment trauma and post-deployment PTSD and depressive symptoms after accounting for antecedent mental health problems, in a large Australian Defence Force (ADF) sample.

Gestational age and school achievement: a population study.

Objective: Academic achievement varies according to gestational age but it is unclear whether achievement varies within 'term' (37-41 weeks gestation) or for 'post-term' births (≥42 weeks). We examined gestational age from preterm to post-term against a national minimum standard for academic achievement in population data.

Design: Literacy and numeracy data of 8-year-old South Australian grade 3 children in 2008-2010 were linked to routinely collected perinatal data (N=28 155).

Is greater improvement in early self-regulation associated with fewer behavioral problems later in childhood?

The aim of this study was to determine whether the extent of improvement in self-regulation achieved between ages 4 and 6 years is associated with the level of behavioral problems later in childhood. Participants were 4-year-old children (n = 510) attending preschools in South Australia. Children's level of self-regulation was assessed using the parent-completed Devereux Early Childhood Assessment when children were aged 4, 5, and 6.

Student-teacher relationship trajectories and mental health problems in young children.

Background: This longitudinal study classified groups of children experiencing different trajectories of student-teacher relationship quality over the transition from preschool into school, and determined the strength of the association between different student-teacher relationship trajectories and childhood mental health problems in the second year of primary school.

Methods: A community sample of 460 Australian children were assessed in preschool (age 4), the first school year (age 5), and second school year (age 6). Teachers at all three assessments reported on student-teacher relationship quality with the Student Teacher Relationship Scale.

The validity of military screening for mental health problems: diagnostic accuracy of the PCL, K10 and AUDIT scales in an entire military population.

Depression, alcohol use disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are serious issues among military personnel due to their impact on operational capability and individual well-being. Several military forces screen for these disorders using scales including the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL). However, it is unknown whether established cutoffs apply to military populations.

The Australian Defence Force Mental Health Prevalence and Wellbeing Study: design and methods.

Background: The Australian Defence Force (ADF) Mental Health Prevalence and Wellbeing Study (MHPWS) is the first study of mental disorder prevalence in an entire military population.

Objective: The MHPWS aims to establish mental disorder prevalence, refine current ADF mental health screening methods, and identify specific occupational factors that influence mental health. This paper describes the design, sampling strategies, and methodology used in this study.

Tracing the long-term legacy of childhood lead exposure: a review of three decades of the port Pirie cohort study.

Several prospective cohort studies have demonstrated that childhood lead levels show small but statistically significant adjusted associations with subsequent development in later childhood and adolescence. The Port Pirie Cohort study is one of the few prospective cohort studies to follow participants into adulthood. This paper reviews all childhood and adulthood findings of the Port Pirie Cohort study to date.

Prospective associations between childhood low-level lead exposure and adult mental health problems: the Port Pirie cohort study.

Low-level environmental lead exposure during childhood is associated with poorer emotional/behavioural functioning in later childhood and adolescence. Scarce research has examined whether these apparent effects persist into adulthood. This study is the first to examine prospective associations between lead exposure across early childhood and several common adult mental health problems.

Look before you (s)leep: evaluating the use of fatigue detection technologies within a fatigue risk management system for the road transport industry.

Fatigue is a significant risk factor in workplace accidents and fatalities. Several technologies have been developed for organisations seeking to identify and reduce fatigue-related risk. These devices purportedly monitor behavioural correlates of fatigue and/or task performance and are understandably appealing as a visible risk control.

Resource factors for mental health resilience in early childhood: An analysis with multiple methodologies.

Background: Given that relatively little is known about the development of resilience in early childhood, this longitudinal study aimed to identify preschool resource factors associated with young children's mental health resilience to family adversity.

Methods: A community sample of 474 young Australian children was assessed in preschool (mean age 4.59 years, 49% male), and again two years later after their transition into formal schooling.

Identifying and implementing prevention programmes for childhood mental health problems.

A substantial number of children and adolescents in Australia have mental health problems. This review provides guidance to service providers for selecting prevention programmes designed to reduce mental health problems experienced by children. It addresses three issues.

The health-related quality of life of children and adolescents in home-based foster care.

Objective: To compare the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of 326 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years living in home-based foster care in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia with the HRQL of a random sample of 3,582 children aged 6-17 years living in the community in Australia.

Method: In both groups, HRQL was assessed using the 50-item version of the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ-PF50) completed by caregivers/parents, and the 87-item self-report version of the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ-CF87) completed by 13-17 year olds.

Results: Young people in home-based foster care had significantly poorer HRQL in a wide range of different domains than those in the general community.