Evaluation of point-of-care capillary and venous blood glucose concentrations in hospitalized neonatal foals.

Objective: To compare glucose measurements from capillary and venous blood samples using a point-of-care (POC) glucometer with a standard laboratory (colorimetric, glucose oxidase) assay (LABGLU) in a population of hospitalized, neonatal foals.

Design: Multicenter, prospective, experimental study, conducted between March 2019 and June 2020.

Setting: Four university teaching hospitals and 1 private referral hospital.

Electrointestinography, ultrasonographic contractility, and borborygmi of the cecum and colon are not altered by a single episode of hand walking exercise in healthy horses.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of hand walking exercise on myoelectrical activity and contractility in normal, healthy horses.

Methods: Prospective experimental design. A convenience sample of 8 horses were randomized to a control or hand walking treatment group; each horse underwent both treatments.

Evaluation of the in vitro performance of the double forwarder knot, compared to square and surgeon's knots using large gauge suture.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the strength and size of the double forwarder (DF) knot in 2 and 3 USP polyglactin 910 when used to form a ligature and to compare the knot holding capacity (KHC), size and weight of the DF knot to surgeon's (SU) and square (SQ) knots with varying numbers of throws.

Study Design: Laboratory study.

Study Population: Knotted suture.

Ex vivo evaluation of a novel suture loop method for equine intestinal biopsies.

Objective: To compare a novel suture loop method for intestinal biopsies (SLB) with a two-layer, hand-sutured biopsy (HSB) technique in equine small and large intestines.

Study Design: Experimental, randomized, ex vivo study.

Animals: Eight healthy adult horses.

Effects of methionine, leucine, and insulin on circulating concentrations and mammary extraction of energy substrates and amino acids in lactating dairy cows.

The aim of this experiment was to test whether insulin potentiates the effects of two abomasally infused amino acids (AA), leucine and methionine (LM), on mammary extraction efficiency of energetic and nitrogenous nutrients. Six lactating Holstein cows (155 ± 9 DIM) were ruminally-cannulated and had the right carotid artery subcutaneously transposed. Cows were fed a 20% metabolizable protein-restricted diet and abomasally infused with water (8 L/d) or AA (Met 26 g/d, Leu 70 g/d) for 8 h/d, for 7 days.

Evaluation of the effects of medial saphenous venous pressures as an indirect method of measurement of intra-abdominal pressures in the horse.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of changes in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) on medial saphenous venous pressure (MSVP) and hemodynamics in normal horses.

Design: Experimental, in-vivo study.

Setting: University Teaching Hospital.

Evaluation of the effects of intraabdominal hypertension on equine central venous pressure.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of changes in intraabdominal pressure (IAP) on central venous pressure (CVP) in normal horses.

Design: Experimental, in vivo study.

Setting: University Teaching Hospital.

Transposition of the common carotid artery in standing cattle.

Objective: To describe a method for permanent transposition of the common carotid artery (CCA) in standing cattle.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Animals: Eight healthy, adult, lactating Holstein-Friesian cows.

Evaluation of a Chinese herbal supplement on equine squamous gastric disease and gastric fluid pH in mares.

Background: Wei Le San (WLS) is a Chinese herbal formula comprised of 9 herbs selected for their putative anti-inflammatory effects.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of WLS administration in horses with nonglandular gastric ulcers.

Animals: Ten mixed breed mares (aged 7-21 years, 401-567 kg body weight).

In vitro evaluation of the knot-holding capacity and security, weight, and volume of forwarder knots tied with size-3 polyglactin 910 suture exposed to air, balanced electrolyte solution, or equine abdominal fat.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of exposure to a balanced electrolyte solution (BES), or equine abdominal fat on the knot-holding capacity (KHC), relative knot security (RKS), weight, and volume of forwarder knots versus surgeon's knots.

Sample: 315 knots tied and tested in vitro.

Procedures: United States Pharmacopeia size-3 polyglactin 910 suture exposed to air (dry [control]), equine abdominal fat (fat-exposed), or BES (BES-exposed) was used to tie forwarder knots with 2, 3, and 4 throws and surgeon's knots with 5, 6, 7, and 8 throws.

Evaluation of phenylephrine and exercise with or without trocarization for treatment of suspected nephrosplenic entrapment in horses.

To report the outcomes of horses with suspected nephrosplenic entrapment (NSE) of the large colon treated by IV phenylephrine administration and exercise with and without trocarization (ie, medical management). Retrospective, observational study. 134 horses.

Bursting strength of surgeon's and self-locking knots for closure of ventral midline celiotomy in horses.

Objective: To compare the bursting strength and failure mode of ventral midline celiotomy closed with a simple continuous suture pattern with 1 of 2 knot combinations, a novel self-locking knot combination of a forwarder start with an Aberdeen end knot (F-A) and a traditional combination of a surgeon's start with a surgeon's end knot (S-S).

Study Design: Ex vivo experimental.

Sample Population: Equine cadavers (n = 14).

Effect of fluid media on the mechanical properties of continuous pattern-ending surgeon's, square, and Aberdeen knots in vitro.

Objective: To investigate the knot holding capacity (KHC) of pattern-ending square, surgeon's and Aberdeen knots each tied in 4 throw combinations using large gauge suture after exposure to media commonly found in equine abdominal surgery.

Study Design: In vitro mechanical study.

Sample Population: Knotted suture strands (n = 10/group).

In vitro evaluation of square and surgeon's knots in large gauge suture.

Objective: To investigate the strength and size of surgeon's and square knots for starting and ending continuous suture lines using large gauge suture.

Study Design: In vitro mechanical study.

Study Population: Knotted suture.

In Vitro Evaluation of the Size, Knot Holding Capacity, and Knot Security of the Forwarder Knot Compared to Square and Surgeon's Knots Using Large Gauge Suture.

Objective: To investigate the strength, size, and holding capacity of the self-locking forwarder knot compared to surgeon's and square knots using large gauge suture.

Study Design: In vitro mechanical study.

Study Population: Knotted suture.

In Vitro Evaluation of the Aberdeen Knot for Continuous Suture Patterns with Large Gauge Suture.

Objective: To evaluate the strength, size, and holding capacity of the Aberdeen knot compared to surgeon's and square knots using large gauge suture.

Study Design: In vitro mechanical study.

Study Population: Knotted suture.

Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Adhesion Barriers on Adhesion Formation in the Horse.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of adhesion barriers in horses using quantitative statistical analysis.

Study Design: Meta-analytical review.

Methods: A search using PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar was performed, followed by secondary searches of veterinary trade journals, bibliographies of relevant articles, manufacturer websites, and technical reference guides.

Ex-Vivo Evaluation of a Modified Teno Fix(®) Device Repair Pattern Versus a 3-Loop Pulley for Repair of Equine Flexor Tendons.

Objective: To compare the load to ultimate failure, load to a 2 mm gap, mode of failure, and gap at failure (mm) of the Teno Fix(®) (TF) to the 3-loop pulley (3LP) for repair of equine tendon lacerations. The use of 4TF devices versus 5TF devices on load to ultimate failure and load to a 2 mm gap was also compared.

Study Design: Ex vivo biomechanical study; unbalanced incomplete block (horse) design.

Formalizing the definition of meta-analysis in Molecular Ecology.

Meta-analysis, the statistical synthesis of pertinent literature to develop evidence-based conclusions, is relatively new to the field of molecular ecology, with the first meta-analysis published in the journal Molecular Ecology in 2003 (Slate & Phua 2003). The goal of this article is to formalize the definition of meta-analysis for the authors, editors, reviewers and readers of Molecular Ecology by completing a review of the meta-analyses previously published in this journal. We also provide a brief overview of the many components required for meta-analysis with a more specific discussion of the issues related to the field of molecular ecology, including the use and statistical considerations of Wright's FST and its related analogues as effect sizes in meta-analysis.

Trauma and wound management: gunshot wounds in horses.

Bullet wounds in horses can cause a wide array of injuries, determined by the type of projectile, the energy of the bullet on entry, and the type of tissue the bullet encounters. Treatment includes identification of all structures involved, debridement of the permanent cavity, and establishing adequate drainage. Bullet wounds should be treated as contaminated, and broad-spectrum antibiotics, including those with an anaerobic spectrum, are indicated.

Biomechanical testing of a novel tendon implant device for the repair of equine flexor tendon lacerations.

Objective: To compare in vitro strength and failure characteristics of a tendon implant against a 3 loop pulley suture pattern for equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) laceration repair.

Study Design: Experimental.

Study Population: Cadaveric equine forelimb SDFT (n = 16).

Pyloric trichobezoar in a Canadian lynx (Lynx canadensis).

An adult female Canadian lynx (Lynx canadensis) was presented with a 3-wk history of anorexia and lethargy. Initial examination and diagnostics did not provide a diagnosis. The lynx continued to demonstrate vague clinical signs, including anorexia and an abnormal gait.

Effects of gastric distension on intraabdominal pressures in horses.

Objective: To determine the effect of gastric distension on intraabdominal pressures (IAP) measured directly from the intraperitoneal space.

Design: Prospective, experimental study.

Setting: A university-based equine research facility.

Evaluation of intra-abdominal pressure in horses that crib.

Objective: To measure intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) in horses that crib and compare it with IAP in horses that do not have this vice.

Study Design: Cohort study.

Animals: Healthy cribbing horses (cribbing cohort, n = 8) and 8 healthy noncribbing horses (noncribbing cohort).