High-flow nasal cannula and non-invasive mechanical ventilation in pediatric asthma exacerbation: two-year prospective observational study in intensive care.

Background: Asthma is a common cause of admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We described and analyzed the therapies applied to children admitted to a tertiary PICU because of asthma. Later, we evaluated high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) use in these patients and compared their evolution and complications with those who received non-invasive ventilation.

Thrombotic microangiopathies in critically ill children: The MATUCIP registry in Spain.

Introduction: Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) are rare diseases usually presenting with renal, haematological, neurologic and cardiovascular involvement and nonspecific but severe symptoms. A registry of TMA cases managed in Spanish paediatric intensive care units (the MATUCIP Registry) was established with the aim of gaining knowledge on their clinical characteristics, diagnosis and acute-phase treatment.

Methods: We conducted a prospective multicentre observational study in 20 paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in Spain from January 2017 to December 2021 in children aged more than 1 month with TMAs, who were followed up through the discharge from the PICU.

PIMS-TS immunophenotype: description and comparison with healthy children, Kawasaki disease and severe viral and bacterial infections.

Background: A new clinical syndrome named Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) has been described. This new disease is a leading cause of hospital and paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). It has been related to immunity dysregulation.

Prevalence of thrombotic complications in children with SARS-CoV-2.

Knowledge of thrombosis in children with SARS-CoV-2 is scarce. In this multicentre national cohort of children with SARS-CoV-2 involving 49 hospitals, 4 patients out of 537 infected children developed a thrombotic complication (prevalence of 0.7% (95% CI: 0.

Shock and Myocardial Injury in Children With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: What We Know. Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to myocardial injury and shock in children, likely the result of a severe inflammatory state, and can mimic Kawasaki disease.

Objective: To describe the characteristics of shock and myocardial injury in children with confirmed or suspeted COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Spain, including clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging findings, treatment, disease course, and outcome. An extensive literature review is provided.

sRAGE as severe acute bronchiolitis biomarker, prospective observational study.

Introduction And Objectives: Acute bronchiolitis (AB) is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants and around 5% require intensive care treatment. Early identification of children diagnosed with AB at a high risk of severe progression is of great interest. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), highly expressed in lung tissue, regulates immune responses and inflammation, and its soluble form, sRAGE, is believed to have an anti-inflammatory role.

Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children With Suspected Acute Abdomen: A Case Series From a Tertiary Hospital in Spain.

We describe 5 children with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, hemodynamic instability and suspected acute abdomen. This form of the disease has not been previously documented. Four of the cases were confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 1 probable.

Children in Critical Care Due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: Experience in a Spanish Hospital.

Objectives: Spain has been one of the countries most severely affected by the coronavirus disease 2019. This study aims to describe a series of children admitted to a PICU due to coronavirus disease 2019 infection.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Utility of the transcranial doppler in the evaluation and follow-up of children with Sturge-Weber Syndrome.

Introduction: Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a neurocutaneous syndrome with typical clinical features including seizures, chronic hemiplegia, hemianopsia and intellectual impairment. Progressive clinical decline may be attributable, at least in part, to progressive venous ischemia. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography could be useful to monitor the degree of hemodynamic involvement and its progression.

Retrospective Study in Children With Necrotizing Pneumonia: Nine Years of Intensive Care Experience.

Background: Although necrotizing pneumonia (NN) is one of the most feared complications of community-acquired pneumonia, data in pediatric patients are scarce. The objective of this article is to describe children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) because of NN.

Methods: Retrospective-prospective observational study in children admitted with NN to PICU (from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2018).

CD64 on monocytes and granulocytes in severe acute bronchiolitis: Pilot study on its usefulness as a bacterial infection biomarker.

The CD64 receptor has been described as a biomarker of bacterial infection. We speculated that CD64 surface expression on monocytes and granulocytes of children with severe acute bronchiolitis (SAB) could be altered in cases of probable bacterial infection (PBI) determined using classical biomarkers (procalcitonin and C-reactive protein, leukocyte count, and radiographic findings). A prospective observational pilot study was conducted from October 2015 to February 2016 in children admitted for pediatric critical care.

Pediatric Disseminated Lemierre Syndrome in 2 Infants: Not Too Young for an Ancient Disease.

The Lemierre syndrome is characterized by an oropharyngeal infection, thrombosis of the internal jugular vein, and multiple septic metastases. Fusobacterium necrophorum is a common cause of it. The incidence is 0.

Decompressive craniectomy in 14 children with severe head injury: clinical results with long-term follow-up and review of the literature.

Background: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a controversial therapeutic measure used in patients with intractable intracranial hypertension after severe head injury. This study describes the morbidity and mortality of DC in 14 children with a mean follow-up of 3.2 years.