Humic substances (HS) are ubiquitous organic constituents in soil and water and can strongly adsorb metal contaminants in natural and waste environments. Therefore, understanding and modeling contaminant-HS interactions is a key issue in environmental risk assessment. Current binding models for HS, such asthe nonideal competitive adsorption (NICA)-Donnan model, are developed and calibrated against natural organic matter from soils and surface waters.
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