Tetrahydropalmatine from medicinal plants activates human glucokinase to regulate glucose homeostasis.

Many synthetic glucokinase activators (GKAs), modulating glucokinase (GK), an important therapeutic target in diabetes have failed to clear clinical trials. In this study, an in silico structural similarity search with differing scaffolds of reference GKAs have been used to identify derivatives from natural product databases. Ten molecules with good binding score and similar interactions to that in the co-crystallized GK as well good activation against recombinant human GK experimentally were identified.

Impact of Type 2 Diabetes on the Outcomes of Solid Organ Transplantations in the U.S.: Data From a National Registry.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major driver of chronic diseases around the globe. The aim was to assess the impact of T2D on the outcomes of solid organ transplantations.

Research Design And Methods: We used the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients from 2006 to 2021 to collect data for all patients age ≥18 years who received a lung, heart, liver, or kidney transplant in the U.

Potential of Y. lipolytica epoxide hydrolase for efficient production of enantiopure (R)-1,2-octanediol.

The recombinant Yleh from a tropical marine yeast Yarrowia lipolytica NCIM 3589 exhibited a high epoxide hydrolase activity of 9.34 ± 1.80 µmol min mg protein towards 1,2-epoxyoctane (EO), at pH 8.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes, pre-diabetes, metabolically unhealthy, and metabolically healthy individuals in the United States.

Background: The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is high among subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the prevalence and outcomes of NAFLD among individuals with pre-diabetes (PreD) and metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy individuals without T2D are not known. Our aim was to assess prevalence and mortality of NAFLD among these four groups.

Noninvasive Tests Used in Risk Stratification of Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

As the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes increases around the world, the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has grown proportionately. Although most patients with NAFLD do not experience progressive liver disease, about 15% to 20% of those with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis can and do progress. Because liver biopsy's role in NAFLD has become increasingly limited, efforts have been undertaken to develop non-invasive tests (NITs) to help identify patients at high risk of progression.

Participatory learning and action (PLA) to improve health outcomes in high-income settings: a systematic review protocol.

Introduction: Participatory learning and action (PLA) is a form of group reflection and learning with documented efficacy in low-income countries to improve social and health outcomes. PLA represents both a learning philosophy and a practical framework that could be applied to a variety of contexts. To date, PLA has not been widely implemented within high-income countries (HICs) to improve health and health-related outcomes.

Effect of exposure from iPhone 12 on programmable ventriculoperitoneal shunts.

The latest iPhone 12 model has elicited concerns over its interaction with medical devices such as pacemakers due to its integrated MagSafe technology. Historically, programmable ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts have been demonstrated to readjust when exposed to magnetic objects. Yet, the presence of interactions between the iPhone 12 and shunts is unknown.

Risk factors associated with knife-crime in United Kingdom among young people aged 10-24 years: a systematic review.

Background: Since 2013, the number of violent crimes and offences by sharp instruments have increased continually, following a previous decrease, with majority of cases occurring among young people and in London. There is limited understanding surrounding the drivers influencing this change in trends, with mostly American-based research identifying risk factors.

Methods: The aim of this review is to identify and synthesise evidence from a range of literature to identify risk factors associated with weapon-related crime, for young people (aged 10-24 years) within the UK.

Coculture induced improved production of biosurfactant by Staphylococcus lentus SZ2: Role in protecting Artemia salina against Vibrio harveyi.

Coculturing microorganisms can lead to enhanced production of bioactive compounds as a result of cross-species or cross-genera interactions. In this study, we demonstrate improved production of the biosurfactant (BS-SLSZ2 with antibiofilm properties) by the marine epibiotic bacterium Staphylococcus lentus SZ2 after cross-genera interactions with an aquaculture pathogen Vibrio harveyi. In cocultures, growth of V.

Efficacy of cell free supernatant from Bacillus licheniformis in protecting Artemia salina against Vibrio alginolyticus and Pseudomonas gessardii.

Bacterial diseases are widespread in aquaculture farms and causative agents often adapt to biofilm mode of growth. These biofilms are detrimental to aquaculture species as they resist antibiotics and other agents that are used to control them. Two bacterial pathogens isolated from infected prawn samples were identified as Vibrio alginolyticus and Pseudomonas gessardii on the basis of morphological features, biochemical characteristics, 16S r RNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.

Biosurfactant from a marine bacterium disrupts biofilms of pathogenic bacteria in a tropical aquaculture system.

Bacterial infections are major constraints in aquaculture farming. These pathogens often adapt to the biofilm mode of growth and resist antibiotic treatments. We have used a non-toxic glycolipid biosurfactant (BS-SLSZ2) derived from a marine epizootic bacterium Staphylococcus lentus to treat aquaculture associated infections in an eco-friendly manner.

Selenium nanoparticle-enriched biomass of Yarrowia lipolytica enhances growth and survival of Artemia salina.

Controlling disease outbreaks is a major challenge in aquaculture farms and conventional methods are often ineffective. Nutritional supplementation and probiotic preparations help in reducing severity of such infections. The generally regarded as safe yeast (Yarrowia lipolytica) was used in the current study.

Relationship between salt tolerance and nanoparticle synthesis by Williopsis saturnus NCIM 3298.

This work describes cell associated and extracellular synthesis of nanoparticles by the yeast, Williopsis saturnus. The yeast was able to grow in the absence and presence of sodium chloride (NaCl) and form nanoparticles in a cell associated manner. The content of melanin, a stress-associated pigment was found to be progressively greater in the presence of increasing concentrations of NaCl.

Biogenic Nanoparticles from Schwanniomyces occidentalis NCIM 3459: Mechanistic Aspects and Catalytic Applications.

When cells of Schwanniomyces occidentalis NCIM 3459 were incubated with 1 mM tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4) or silver nitrate (AgNO3), cell-associated nanoparticles were obtained. Their presence was confirmed by scanning electron microscope observations. The cell-free supernatant (CFS) of the yeast mediated the synthesis of gold nanoparticles.

Biotransformation of hexavalent chromium into extracellular chromium(III) oxide nanoparticles using Schwanniomyces occidentalis.

Objectives: To demonstrate biotransformation of toxic Cr(VI) ions into Cr2O3 nanoparticles by the yeast Schwanniomyces occidentalis.

Results: Reaction mixtures containing S. occidentalis NCIM 3459 and Cr(VI) ions that were initially yellow turned green after 48 h incubation.

Nocardiopsis species: Incidence, ecological roles and adaptations.

Members of the genus Nocardiopsis are ecologically versatile and biotechnologically important. They produce a variety of bioactive compounds such as antimicrobial agents, anticancer substances, tumor inducers, toxins and immunomodulators. They also secrete novel extracellular enzymes such as amylases, chitinases, cellulases, β-glucanases, inulinases, xylanases and proteases.

Yarrowia lipolytica NCIM 3589, a tropical marine yeast, degrades bromoalkanes by an initial hydrolytic dehalogenation step.

The widespread industrial use of organobromines which are known persistent organic pollutants has led to their accumulation in sediments and water bodies causing harm to animals and humans. While degradation of organochlorines by bacteria is well documented, information regarding degradation pathways of these recalcitrant organobromines is scarce. Hence, their fates and effects on the environment are of concern.

Fungal production of single cell oil using untreated copra cake and evaluation of its fuel properties for biodiesel.

This study evaluated the microbial conversion of coconut oil waste, a major agro-residue in tropical countries, into single cell oil (SCO) feedstock for biodiesel production. Copra cake was used as a low-cost renewable substrate without any prior chemical or enzymatic pretreatment for submerged growth of an oleaginous tropical mangrove fungus, Aspergillus terreus IBB M1. The SCO extracted from fermented biomass was converted into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by transesterification and evaluated on the basis of fatty acid profiles and key fuel properties for biodiesel.

Nocardiopsis species as potential sources of diverse and novel extracellular enzymes.

Members of the genus Nocardiopsis are generally encountered in locations that are inherently extreme. They are present in frozen soils, desert sand, compost, saline or hypersaline habitats (marine systems, salterns and soils) and alkaline places (slag dumps, lake soils and sediments). In order to survive under these severe conditions, they produce novel and diverse enzymes that allow them to utilize the available nutrients and to thrive.

Yarrowia lipolytica and pollutants: Interactions and applications.

Yarrowia lipolytica is a dimorphic, non-pathogenic, ascomycetous yeast species with distinctive physiological features and biochemical characteristics that are significant in environment-related matters. Strains naturally present in soils, sea water, sediments and waste waters have inherent abilities to degrade hydrocarbons such as alkanes (short and medium chain) and aromatic compounds (biphenyl and dibenzofuran). With the application of slow release fertilizers, design of immobilization techniques and development of microbial consortia, scale-up studies and in situ applications have been possible.

Occurrence of parotoid glands in tadpoles of the tropical frog, Clinotarsus curtipes and their role in predator deterrence.

Tadpoles of the tropical bicolored frog, Clinotarsus curtipes are unique in having parotoid glands secreting a white viscous fluid and are structurally similar to granular glands from other amphibians. To ascertain the involvement of these glands and their secretion in predator deterrence, it was tested against a predatory fish, Clarias gariepinus, using a paired choice behavioral assay. The results showed that the fish avoid eating C.

Bioinspired inimitable cadmium telluride quantum dots for bioimaging purposes.

Synthesis of quantum nanoparticles of specific size, shape and composition are an aspect important in nanotechnology research. Although these nanostructures are routinely synthesized by chemical routes, the use of microorganisms has emerged as a promising option. The synthesis of cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots by two hitherto unreported marine bacteria (Bacillus pumilus and Serratia marcescens) is reported here.

Psychrotrophic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica NCYC 789 mediates the synthesis of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles via cell-associated melanin.

A psychrotrophic marine strain of the ascomycetous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica (NCYC 789) synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a cell-associated manner. These nanostructures were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) analysis. The brown pigment (melanin) involved in metal-interactions was obtained from the cells.

Disruption of microbial biofilms by an extracellular protein isolated from epibiotic tropical marine strain of Bacillus licheniformis.

Background: Marine epibiotic bacteria produce bioactive compounds effective against microbial biofilms. The study examines antibiofilm ability of a protein obtained from a tropical marine strain of Bacillus licheniformis D1.

Methodology/principal Findings: B.

Removal of hexavalent chromium ions by Yarrowia lipolytica cells modified with phyto-inspired Fe0/Fe3O4 nanoparticles.

The removal of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)], an important ground water pollutant by phyto-inspired Fe(0)/Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposite-modified cells of Yarrowia lipolytica (NCIM 3589 and NCIM 3590), was investigated. Electron microscopy and magnetometer studies indicated an effective modification of yeast cell surfaces by the nanocomposites. The effect of pH, temperature, agitation speed, contact time and initial metal ion concentration on the removal of Cr (VI) was determined.